Degenerative/Metabolic and Toxic Diseases of the NS

Question 1

Main lesion patterns (4)

Answer 1

Question 2

What is polioencephalomalacia caused by in ruminants? (4)

Answer 2

Question 3

What does thiamine deficiency in ruminants result from? (5)

Answer 3

Question 4

Polioencephalomalacia in ruminants - prevalence and clinical signs (14)

Answer 4

Question 5

Polioencephalomalacia in ruminants - gross lesions (2)

Answer 5

Question 6

Polioencephalomalacia in ruminants - microscopic lesions (2)

Answer 6

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

Answer 8

Polioencephalomalacia in ruminants

Question 9

Answer 9

Polioencephalomalacia in ruminants

Question 10

Answer 10

Polioencephalomalacia in ruminants - fluorescence of lesions (malacia) under UV light

Question 11

What is thiamine deficiency like in carnivores and what is it caused by? (6)

Answer 11

Question 12

Thiamine deficiency in carnivores - CNS gross lesions (2)

Answer 12

C.f. = cerebrospinal fluid

Question 13

What is Wernicke-Kosakoff syndrome in humans? (5)

Answer 13

Question 14

What is equine nigropallidal encephalomalacia? (4)

Answer 14

Question 15

Answer 15

Question 16

Salt poisoning/water deprivation in pigs, hypo-osmotic oedema (6) - cause, lesions

Answer 16

Question 17

Salt poisoning/water deprivation microscopic lesions (3)

Answer 17

Question 18

What is equine leukoencephalomalacia and what is it caused by? (4)

Answer 18

Question 19

Answer 19

Question 20

What is focal symmetric encephalomalacia (FSE)? (4)

Answer 20

Question 21

Answer 21

Focal symmetric encephalomalacia (FSE)

Question 22

What is oedema disease in pigs? (5)

Answer 22

Question 23

Answer 23

Oedema disease in pigs

Question 24

Answer 24

Oedema disease in pigs

Question 25

What is Wallerian degeneration - axonal damage?

Answer 25

An active process of retrograde degeneration of the distal end of an axon that is a result of a nerve lesion. It occurs between 7 to 21 days after the lesion occurs. After the 21st day, acute nerve degeneration will show on the electromyograph.

Question 26

What is enzootic ataxia? (8)

Answer 26

Question 27

Enzootic ataxia - gross lesions microscopic lesions and pathogenesis (3)

Answer 27

Question 28

Neuroanatomy of dorsal and ventral nerves of SC

Answer 28

Question 29

Answer 29

Question 30

Answer 30

Question 31

What is hypomyelinogenesis?

Answer 31

Absence or reduction of myelination, congenital, toxic or viral, often associated with tremor in young animals

Question 32

What is leukodystrophy or myelinolytic disease?

Answer 32

Loss of myelin that had initially been formed, mainly genetic basis

Question 33

What are spongy myelinopathies?

Answer 33

Vacuolation of myelin sheath (no loss of myelin, it is retained), idiopathic/genetic, hepatic and renal encephalopathy more common

Question 34

Answer 34

Question 35

Answer 35