Circulatory Disease of the CNS Flashcards
What is the most common cause of swelling of the brain?
Brain oedema - causes (5), localised (5), generalised (2)
What is vasogenic oedema and what does it cause? (8)
What is cytotoxic oedema and what does it cause? (5)
Oedema leads to swelling -> reduces blood flow -> hypoxia -> oedema due to hard case on outside -> dec blood flow to brain
What is hydrostatic (interstitial) oedema? (2)
What is hypo-osmotic oedema? (4)
Brain oedema - gross appearance
What are the three sites of herniation? (3)
What is cerebellar coning?
Histologic appearance of vasogenic brain oedema
Brain oedema - spongiosis, histological appearance
Causes of cerebral vasogenic oedema - where is it a prominent feature in? (9)
Causes of cerebral cytotoxic oedema (2)
How is oedema caused due to traumatic brain injury? - primary and secondary effects (5)
Pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury - oedema, necrosis, haemorrhage
Secondary injury - multiple processes involved
Cerebral hypoxia - order of sensitivity of cells in the brain (4)
What are the causes of hypoxic brain injury? (5)
Vascularisation of the brain (7)
What is cerebral infarction?
What is infarction caused by and why is it less common in dogs than humans? (3)
What are the causes of cerebral infarction? (9)
What are the consequences of vascular obstruction - what do they depend on? (3)
Gross appearance of cerebral infarcts (4)
Multiple cerebral infarctions due to Strongylus Vulgaris aberrant larval migration - can be found in mesenteric vessels in abdomen -> gut lesions (wedge-shaped)
Focal haemorrhage and softening in thalamus
Progression of cerebral infarcts - timings of ischaemic event and tissue changes (5)
What are fibrocartilagenous emboli (3)
Describe the lesion
Multi-focal dark lesions scattered through WM + GM, pin-point, dark-red to black, vascular origin in WM and GM
