Key Terminology & Definitions EAR Flashcards by Zhenzhen George

Otitis

Inflammation of the ear

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Primary otits causes

Directly induced inflammation of the external ear canal & therefore can cause the disease by themselves - when infection keeps coming back e.g. Infectious (ectoparasites, fungal, viral), hypersensitivity disorders, immune-mediated skin diseases (puppy strangles)

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CAFR

Cutaneous adverse food reaction (CAFR), DDx = atopy

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Cystomatosis

Relating to a type of glandular secretion in which the apical portion of the secreting cell is released along with the secretory products

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Pustule

Pocket of pus in epidermis, will become a crust (scab)

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Actinic dermatitis

Eczema or dermatitis that is caused by abnormal skin sensitivity to sunlight (photosensitivity) = sunburn

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Secondary otitis causes

Don’t create disease in a normal ear, they only contribute to or cause inflammation/damage in the abnormal ear e.g. bacteria, yeast, treatment

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Staphylococcus histo appearance

Cocci in tetrads/pairs

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Streptococci histo appearance

Chains

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Perpetuating factors of otitis

Prevent resolution and increase risk of recurrence (relapse) of otitis (alter structure, function + physiology of ear canal, combined with causes, can exacerbate inflammation/symptoms of otitis e.g. progressive pathologic changes, tympanic membrane alterations

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Salpingitis

Inflammation of tube e.g. guttural pouch, eustachian tube

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Guttural pouch tympany

Pouch filled with air

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Guttural pouch empyema

Pus in cavity

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Guttural pouch mycosis

Fungi e.g. Aspergillus spp.

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Predisposing factors of otitis

Inc the risk of developing otitis but unable to cause clinical disease themselves (need primary + perpetuating factors) e.g. anatomical configuration/conformation

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Cytology stained samples from skin, nail, ear

Looks for bacteria, yeast, condenser is up and close to stage, bright light source w/ dec contrast

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Cytology microscopy unstained samples in mineral oil

Looks for parasites, condenser is down and away from stage, dim light w/ inc contrast

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Myrinogotomy

Procedure to create a hole in the ear drum to allow fluid that is trapped in the middle ear to drain out - cut into tympanic bulla, difficult without video otoscope

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Total ear canal obliteration

Remove ear canal = end-stage ear - lose a lot of hearing func

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Pinna

(Auricle) - irregularly shaped plate of elastic cartilage covered by thin skin

Meatus acusticus externus (ear canal)

The canal that extends from pinna to tympanic mem, covered by stratified squamous epithelium containing hair follicles, sebaceous glands, ceruminous glands

Middle ear

Tympanic mem, tympanic cavity, auditory ossicles

Continuous with auditory (Eustachian tube) which connects to nasopharynx

Auditory ossicles

Malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), stapes (stirrup)

Tympanic membrane

Separates external and middle ear at the base of the external auditory meatus (ear canal)

External surface of tympanic mem

Stratified squamous epithelium (like rest of external ear)

Internal surface of tympanic mem

Simple squamous epithelium, continuous with tympanic cavity

Hearing

Function cerebral cortex

Pinna

External cartilage

Temporal bone

Location of inner ear - hard to preserve for histology

Facial canal

Separated from middle ear by thin connective tissue + simple squamous epithelium. Facial nerve paralysis is common sequela following otitis media

Amplitude

Volume

Frequency

Pitch

Auditory reflex

Turning head in response to sound = brainstem reflex

Anotia

Growth disorder - absence of an ear

Microtia

Growth disorder - ear has not formed properly and is small compared to what would be considered normal for the individual/species.

Polyotia

Growth disorder - many (poly-) ears/pinnae

Other names for aural plaques/papillomas of the ear

Equine ear papillomas, papillary acanthoma, hyperplastic dermatitis of the ear, ear fungus

Aural haematoma

Blood vessel bursts within pinna, serosanguinous fluid formed haemorrhage distends the pinna and creates a cavity between the skin and cartilage of pinna

Pus

Formed by a vast array of neutrophils entering into an area the body recognises as being under attack from a bacterial pathogen.

Granulomatous response

Suspect mycobacteria spp. involvement

Mucoperiosteal exostoses

New bone growth - firm + bony protrusions, originate from mucoperiosteum of tympanic bulla

Dentigerous cyst / temporal odontomatas

Masses with an ectopic tooth or teeth in them and can swell and rupture through the skin, typically towards the base of the aural pinna

Dermoid cyst

Similar to dentigerous cyst without tooth present

Mammonongamus auris

Cat ear-worm

Acantholysis

Loss of coherence between epidermal desmosomes (adhere epidermal keratinocytes) due to the breakdown of intercellular bridges; separation of keratinocytes, seen in pemphigus foliaceous auto-immune disease

Guttural pouch tympany

Pouch filled with air

Guttural pouch empyema

Pus/suppuration in cavity

Presbycusis

Age-related deafness caused by arthritis between auditory ossicles so cannot transmit pressure waves sound into fluid waves in perilymph through vestibular window