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VMS2007 Pathology of the Endocrine, and Neurological Systems and Organs of Special Senses > Ocular Histopathology > Flashcards

Ocular Histopathology Flashcards

1
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Normal eye histo

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4
Q

What is a common feature of corneal oedema?

A
  • Dehydrated cornea - reduced corneal stromal clefting
  • Superficial injuries to the cornea can cause corneal oedema - generally more limited to the area of injury e.g. ulceration
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9
Q

What is the most predisposing factor of glaucoma?

A

Increased intraocular pressure

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10
Q

What is goniodysgenesis? (2)

A
  • Cocker Spaniels predisposed (autosomal-recessive condition)
  • Associated with defective drainage angle (pectinate ligament never rarified to the point that it should be in development)
  • Cause of 1^y glaucoma
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16
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17
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Lens equator - one side more rounded than the other

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18
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22
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23
Q

What is the process by which the outflow of aqueous humour gets occluded? (3)

A
  1. Inflammation - obscures ciliary cleft
  2. Neovascular membranes proliferate in response to uveitis (particularly in dog)
  3. Uveitis leads to secondary glaucoma through synechiae (iris adheres to cornea (anterior)/lens (posterior)
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24
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25
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Diffuse iris melanoma

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27
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28
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31
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32
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33
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Small lymphocytes + plasma cells (lymphocytic + plasmacytic)

34
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35
Q

What are the three different patterns of ocular inflammation? (3)

A
  1. Uveitis - inflammatory cells limited to uvea
  2. Endophthalmitis - retina (inner layers) + chambers get involved with exudates
  3. Panophthalmitis - when all the layers of the eye including tunic and orbit are affected
36
Q
A

Endophthalmitis

37
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38
Q

What is a pathognomic lesion of equine recurrent uveitis?

A

Amyloid + rod-shaped eosinophilic inclusions

39
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40
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41
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What is is a lesion of equine/large animal glaucoma?

A

Atrophy of corpora nigra (iris modification)

42
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43
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44
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45
Q

What is a morgagnian globule?

A

Lesion of cataracts - when lens fibres swell + become more distinct + individualised. If identified with a nucleus = bladder cells

46
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A
47
Q

What are two main mechanisms of glaucoma-related corneal oedema and
how do they differ?

A
  • Corneal endothelial injury – generally diffuse
  • Exposure keratitis – usually focal/regional
48
Q

What is the MAJOR site of injury in glaucoma-related vision loss?

A

Optic nerve head/lamina cribrosa/inner retina

49
Q

Explain how glaucoma and lens luxation are interrelated

A

Buphthalmia can cause luxation; lens location can cause secondary glaucoma

50
Q

What is the most common predisposing factor for glaucoma?

A

Elevated intraocular pressure/obstruction of aqueous outflow

51
Q

Name two sites where aqueous outflow can be impeded

A

Ciliary cleft; pupil margin (pupil block/iris bombé)

52
Q

Name the most common primary feline intraocular neoplasm

A

Diffuse iris melanoma

53
Q

Name two mechanisms by which ocular neoplasia can cause glaucoma

A

Physical obstruction of aqueous drainage

54
Q

How do patterns of glaucomatous retinal damage differ between cats and
dogs?

A
  • Cats: limited to inner retinal atrophy;
  • Dogs: Advanced/full-thickness atrophy ventral
55
Q

What is the most reliable indicator of chronicity of corneal disease?

A

Neovascularisation

56
Q

Name two mechanisms by which ocular neoplasia can cause lens luxation

A
  • Secondary glaucoma/buphthalmia
  • Physical displacement/disruption of zonules
57
Q

What is the most common cause of equine glaucoma?

A

Equine recurrent uveitis

58
Q

How does IOP (intraocular pressure) typically change in uveitis? Glaucoma?

A

Uveitis: Low; Glaucoma: Elevated

59
Q

What are the two most common mechanisms by which uveitis leads to
glaucoma?

A

Neovascular membranes/synechiae; occlusion of outflow by cells/matrix

60
Q

How are uveitis and cataract interrelated?

A

Cataract can cause lens-induced uveitis; uveitis can cause cataract

61
Q

Differentiate the distributions of: uveitis; endophthalmitis; panophthalmitis

A
  • Just uvea;
  • Uveitis + retina/chambers;
  • All layers of the eye (including fibrous/orbit)

VMS2007 Pathology of the Endocrine, and Neurological Systems and Organs of Special Senses (36 decks)

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