Pathology of Neuroplasia

Question 1

cancer is ___ disease

Answer 1

genetic/molecular

Question 2

non-specific swelling

Answer 2

tumour

Question 3

new growth

Answer 3

neoplasm

Question 4

bumps that aren’t cancer

Answer 4

deep tissue damage, lymph nodes, cysts

Question 5

abnormal/different location of normal tissues

Answer 5

heterotopia

Question 6

grow slow, resemble organ of origin, don’t spread distant

Answer 6

benign tumour

Question 7

grow fast and may not resemble organ of origin, metastasis, kill

Answer 7

malignant tumour

Question 8

general 3 kinds of names for malignant tumor

Answer 8

carcinoma, sarcoma, blastoma

Question 9

refers to abnormal features of nuclei in neoplastic cells

Answer 9

anaplasia

Question 10

side effects of chemotherapy

Answer 10

hair loss, diarrhea, bone marrow suppression (infection, hemorrhage)

Question 11

altered architecture and cell abnormalities confined to within the basement mem

Answer 11

dysplasia

Question 12

some treatments for cancer

Answer 12

surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, experimental (immunotherapy)

Question 13

treatment used to shrink tumour size

Answer 13

radiation

Question 14

therapy that destroys rapidly dividing cells

Answer 14

chemotherapy

Question 15

pathologic space occupying lesions that can evolve into frank neoplastic process

Answer 15

preneoplastic lesions

Question 16

what is a transformed cell?

Answer 16

irreversibly committed to cancerous

Question 17

takes __ divisions to reach clinical detection (from transformed cell) and ___ divisions from there to fatal tumour

Answer 17

30; 10

Question 18

what is the fastest growing human tumour?

Answer 18

burkitt’s lymphoma

Question 19

what is max diffusion distance?

Answer 19

1-2 mm

Question 20

what are clinical features of neoplasm?

Answer 20

local mass lesions, metastases, systemic effects on host, incidental detection

Question 21

examples of systemic effects on host?

Answer 21

lack of appetite and lost weight, sweating, fever, cachexia

Question 22

what are paraneoplastic syndromes?

Answer 22

inappropriate expression of genes that are normally silent in organ of cancer

Question 23

ulcers are associated with:

Answer 23

diabetes, cancer, yellow pus patches (infections)

Question 24

what is a sign that the ulcer is cancerous?

Answer 24

everted edges

Question 25

hypercoagulable state is associated with:

Answer 25

acute myeloid leukemia

Question 26

clinical features are ___ mediated

Answer 26

cytokine

Question 27

what are 7 warning signs?

Answer 27

change in bowel or bladder, a sore that doesn’t heal, unusual bleeding/discharge, thickening of lump in breast, indigestion/difficulty swallow, obvious change in wart/mole, nagging cough

Question 28

benign tumors generally disignated by suffix:

Answer 28

“oma”

Question 29

malignant tumours generally 3 kinds of names:

Answer 29

carcinoma (epithelial), sarcoma (mesenchymal), blastoma (fetal)