Pathology of Neuroplasia Flashcards
cancer is ___ disease
genetic/molecular
non-specific swelling
tumour
new growth
neoplasm
bumps that aren’t cancer
deep tissue damage, lymph nodes, cysts
abnormal/different location of normal tissues
heterotopia
grow slow, resemble organ of origin, don’t spread distant
benign tumour
grow fast and may not resemble organ of origin, metastasis, kill
malignant tumour
general 3 kinds of names for malignant tumor
carcinoma, sarcoma, blastoma
refers to abnormal features of nuclei in neoplastic cells
anaplasia
side effects of chemotherapy
hair loss, diarrhea, bone marrow suppression (infection, hemorrhage)
altered architecture and cell abnormalities confined to within the basement mem
dysplasia
some treatments for cancer
surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, experimental (immunotherapy)
treatment used to shrink tumour size
radiation
therapy that destroys rapidly dividing cells
chemotherapy
pathologic space occupying lesions that can evolve into frank neoplastic process
preneoplastic lesions
what is a transformed cell?
irreversibly committed to cancerous
takes __ divisions to reach clinical detection (from transformed cell) and ___ divisions from there to fatal tumour
30; 10
what is the fastest growing human tumour?
burkitt’s lymphoma
what is max diffusion distance?
1-2 mm
what are clinical features of neoplasm?
local mass lesions, metastases, systemic effects on host, incidental detection
examples of systemic effects on host?
lack of appetite and lost weight, sweating, fever, cachexia
what are paraneoplastic syndromes?
inappropriate expression of genes that are normally silent in organ of cancer
ulcers are associated with:
diabetes, cancer, yellow pus patches (infections)
what is a sign that the ulcer is cancerous?
everted edges
hypercoagulable state is associated with:
acute myeloid leukemia
clinical features are ___ mediated
cytokine
what are 7 warning signs?
change in bowel or bladder, a sore that doesn’t heal, unusual bleeding/discharge, thickening of lump in breast, indigestion/difficulty swallow, obvious change in wart/mole, nagging cough
benign tumors generally disignated by suffix:
“oma”
malignant tumours generally 3 kinds of names:
carcinoma (epithelial), sarcoma (mesenchymal), blastoma (fetal)
