clinical pathology Flashcards
subdivisions of clinical pathology
clinical chem, hematology, immunohematology, microbiology
anatomical pathology encompasses:
surgical, cytology, autopsy
What does SOAP stand for?
Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan
values obtained on repetitive measurements (reproducibility)
precision
extent to which msmts approach true value
accuracy
any data collected may be arranged in ____ distribution
Gaussian
inter-individual variability includes:
race, gender, age , body size
intra-individual variability includes:
diurnal variations, circadian, menstruation, seasonal, aging
examples of pre-analytic variability:
food intake, exercise, drug therapy
examples of analytic variability
inaccuracy, imprecision
examples of post-analytic variability
transcription errors
why physicians order tests
1st view
1) confirm clinical impression 2) rule out a possible diagnosis or disease 3) use as therapeutic or management guide 4) use as prognostic guide 5) detect disease (screen)
basic reason tests done?
screen, confirm/rule out, management
therapeutic drug monitoring is performed __ hours after last dose or just before next dose
5
lipids require ____ hr fast
12-16
specimen needs to be ____ and ___ to be biologically meaningful
representative; homogeneous
factors to consider before obtaining specimen?
fasting, position? drug interference? time of collection?
factors to consider before obtaining specimen
IV infusion, adequate labelling, adequate clinical info, time of collection
equation for sensitivity?
TP / (TP + FN) x 100
equation for specificity?
TN / (TN + FP) x 100 –>true neg/all subjects free of disease x 100
what is predictive value of positive result?
% pos results that are true positives
what is predictive value of negative result?
% neg results that are true negatives
efficiency equation?
TN + TP / entire population x 100
prevalence equation
TP + FN / entire population x 100
green top has additive:
heparin
lavendar top has additive:
EDTA (anticoagulant)
frequency of correct result in patient with disease
sensitivity
frequency of correct result in healthy patient
specificity
frequency of disease in target population/ total subjects examined who are diseased
prevalence
