clinical pathology

Question 1

subdivisions of clinical pathology

Answer 1

clinical chem, hematology, immunohematology, microbiology

Question 2

anatomical pathology encompasses:

Answer 2

surgical, cytology, autopsy

Question 3

What does SOAP stand for?

Answer 3

Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan

Question 4

values obtained on repetitive measurements (reproducibility)

Answer 4

precision

Question 5

extent to which msmts approach true value

Answer 5

accuracy

Question 6

any data collected may be arranged in ____ distribution

Answer 6

Gaussian

Question 7

inter-individual variability includes:

Answer 7

race, gender, age , body size

Question 8

intra-individual variability includes:

Answer 8

diurnal variations, circadian, menstruation, seasonal, aging

Question 9

examples of pre-analytic variability:

Answer 9

food intake, exercise, drug therapy

Question 10

examples of analytic variability

Answer 10

inaccuracy, imprecision

Question 11

examples of post-analytic variability

Answer 11

transcription errors

Question 12

why physicians order tests

1st view

Answer 12

1) confirm clinical impression 2) rule out a possible diagnosis or disease 3) use as therapeutic or management guide 4) use as prognostic guide 5) detect disease (screen)

Question 13

basic reason tests done?

Answer 13

screen, confirm/rule out, management

Question 14

therapeutic drug monitoring is performed __ hours after last dose or just before next dose

Answer 14

5

Question 15

lipids require ____ hr fast

Answer 15

12-16

Question 16

specimen needs to be ____ and ___ to be biologically meaningful

Answer 16

representative; homogeneous

Question 17

factors to consider before obtaining specimen?

Answer 17

fasting, position? drug interference? time of collection?

Question 18

factors to consider before obtaining specimen

Answer 18

IV infusion, adequate labelling, adequate clinical info, time of collection

Question 19

equation for sensitivity?

Answer 19

TP / (TP + FN) x 100

Question 20

equation for specificity?

Answer 20

TN / (TN + FP) x 100 –>true neg/all subjects free of disease x 100

Question 21

what is predictive value of positive result?

Answer 21

% pos results that are true positives

Question 22

what is predictive value of negative result?

Answer 22

% neg results that are true negatives

Question 23

efficiency equation?

Answer 23

TN + TP / entire population x 100

Question 24

prevalence equation

Answer 24

TP + FN / entire population x 100

Question 25

green top has additive:

Answer 25

heparin

Question 26

lavendar top has additive:

Answer 26

EDTA (anticoagulant)

Question 27

frequency of correct result in patient with disease

Answer 27

sensitivity

Question 28

frequency of correct result in healthy patient

Answer 28

specificity

Question 29

frequency of disease in target population/ total subjects examined who are diseased

Answer 29

prevalence