female reproductive Flashcards
estrogen is made in:
corpus luteum
estrogen cause proliferation of:
stroma, blood vessels, endometrium
function of progesterone:
store food in granular cells
commonest causes of vaginal bleeding
hormonal disorders, genital neoplasia
types of genital neoplasia?
fibroids, endometrial disease, cervical disease
most common benign tumour of myometrium
fibroids
___% women have uterine fibroids
20
what is DUB?
dysfunctional uterine bleeding caused by absence of well-defined organic lesion in the uterus
DUB characterized by:
anovulation
endometrial hyerplasia caused by:
xs of estrogen (continuous proliferative phase)–>anovulatory cycles around menopause, exogenous estrogen, PCOS
types of endometrial hyperplasia:
simple, complex, complex with atypia
two types endometrial carcinoma
endometrioid, serous
risk factors of endometrioid?
obesity, diabetes, hypertension, infertility, age 55-65
risk factors for serous?
> 70 yrs age
serous has a good or bad prognosis?
Bad, it’s high grade carcinoma
20% of malignant tumours of female repro tract
carcinoma of cervix
early detection of cervical cancer by:
PAP smear
most common cervical cancer-causing HPV are”
type 16 and 18
low grade HPV are types:
6 and 11
cervical cancer arises in ___ zone
transformation
cervical cancer involves __ cells
squamous
what is transformation zone?
point where squamous epithelium becomes glandular in cervix
early symptoms of cervical cancer
post-coital bleeding, vaginal discharge
pelvic inflammatory disease involves:
endometritis, cervicitis, salpingitis, oophoritis
is vulvovaginitis usually ascending or descending?
ascending (sex)
chlamydia presents clinically as:
vaginal discharge, ab pain, infertile
common infections:
herpes (blisters), HPV (warts), infectious vaginitis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, symphilis
local symps of gonorrhea
urethritis, proctitis, PID, septicemia, arthritis
where is milk made?
acinar duct
____ part of acinar is where disease starts
terminal
two types of fibrocystic change
nonproliferative, proliferative
common benign tumour in young femals, 2-5cm
fibroadenoma
fibroadenoma maybe caused by?
exaggerated response of breast tissue to sex hormones (estrogen)
incidence of fibroadenoma is :
1 in 10 women
most common cancer in women
breast cancer (1/10 women)
risk factors for breast cancer
hormonal (E2 exposure, nulliparous women, anti-estrogen drugs), race (Jewish), reproductive history, premalignant fibrocystic changes (papillomatosis)
what cause breast cancer?
atrophy
two types of breast cancer?
infiltrating duct, lobular
infiltrating duct characterized by a ____ tumour and ___ of nipple
firm, gritty; retraction
breast cancer detected by:
self exam, physician palpation, mammography
diagnosis of breast cancer:
fine needle aspiration, surgical biopsy
