cell pathology Flashcards
study of tissue diseases
histopathology
essential part of most living cells w/ DNA, RNA, proteins
nucleus
in resting cells, components in nucleus aggregate as ____ and in dividing cells, condense into ___
chromatin; chromosomes
all human cells except ___ need nucleus
platelets and RBC
^ N:C ratio found in:
tumour cells, embryonic cells (undifferentiated)
cytoplasmic ground substance
hyaloplasm
primary site of protein synth
RER
catabolism of drugs/hormones/nutrients and synth of steroids
SER
_____- are formed in golgi
glyco/lipoproteins
primary lysosomes have acid ____
hydrolases
secondary lysosomes (fusion with foreign vesicles) called
heterophagosomes
plasma mem arranged in ____ bilayer
polarized complex
paracrine stim by:
biogenic amines and neuropeptide hormones
endocrine stim by:
hormones released into blood
inside enviro of cell
internal milieu
ex. of oligominerals
zinc, copper, selenium, magnesium
what are essential minerals?
iron, chloride, potassium, calcium
reversible cell injury characterized by:
swollen mito,, switch to anaerobic metabolism, degranulated RER
reversible cell injury may be produced by:
expose to toxins, hypoxia
irreversible cell injury characterized by:
nuclear changes–>ultrastructural
3 types nuclear damage
pyknosis (dense chromatin), karyorrhexis (fragmentation), karyolysis (dissolution)
causes of cell injury
hypoxia, toxins, microbe pathogens, endogenous mediators, gene/metabolic disturbances
examples of hypoxia
myocardial infarction, choking
Cells change to another type
Metaplasia
