hematopoietic/lymphoid systems

Question 1

hemoglobin synth requires:

Answer 1

iron, vit. b12, b6, folic acid

Question 2

heme is converted to ____ and excreted as ___

Answer 2

bilirubin; bile into intestine

Question 3

major diseases:

Answer 3

anemia, leukemia, lymphoma, bleeding disorders

Question 4

norm. level of hemoglobin in males? Females?

Answer 4

130g/L; 115g/L

Question 5

ex. of objective msmts of RBC parameters?

Answer 5

MCV (mean corpuscular vol), MCH (mean corp. hemoglobin), MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin [ ] )

Question 6

ex. of decreased hematopoiesis

Answer 6

bone marrow failure, deficiencies of nutrients

Question 7

ex. of bone marrow failure

Answer 7

aplastic anemia, pancytopenia, myelophthisic anemia

Question 8

abnormal hematopoiesis usualy consequence of ___ abnormalities

Answer 8

genetic

Question 9

what is sickle cell anemia?

Answer 9

sub. of valine for glutamic acid at position 6 of beta chain

Question 10

^ loss and destruction of RBC caused by:

Answer 10

bleeding, intrasplenic sequestration, immune hemolysis, infections like malaria

Question 11

caused by loss of blood, when fluid shifts from interstitial to ECF

Answer 11

dilutional anemia

Question 12

two types of aplastic anemia

Answer 12

idiopathic (cause unknown), secondary (bone marrow suppression)

Question 13

what causes secondary aplastic anemia?

Answer 13

cytotoxic drugs, radiation therapy, viral infection

Question 14

most common form of anemia

Answer 14

iron deficiency (hypochromic microcytic)

Question 15

pernicious anemia is associated with lack of ___

Answer 15

intrinsic factor (vit. B12 deficiency)

Question 16

conditions contributing to megaloblastic anemia

Answer 16

pernicious anemia, resection of stomach, celiac, crohn’s, parasites

Question 17

clinical features of sickle cell anemia

Answer 17

retarded, cardiopulmonary insufficiency, recurrent infection

Question 18

thalassemia is prevalent of ppl of ___ descent

Answer 18

Mediterranean

Question 19

thalassemia involves gene defect in synth of __

Answer 19

HbA (reduce rate of globin chain synth) –>can be beta or alpha

Question 20

most common hereditary disease of RBC in Caucasians

Answer 20

hereditary spherocytosis

Question 21

hereditary spherocytosis involves defect in genes encoding for:

Answer 21

ankyrin or alpha/beta chain of spectrin

Question 22

2 types of polycythemia

Answer 22

primary (clonal proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells), secondary (^ RBC vol cuz erythroid bone marrow hyperplasia)

Question 23

secondary polycythemia usually caused by ____

Answer 23

prolonged hypoxia

Question 24

consequences of polycythemia

Answer 24

hypertension, dark red face, headaches, visual probs, neurologic symptoms, splenomegaly, hypercellular bone marrow

Question 25

leukocytic disorders

Answer 25

leukopenia, leukocytosis, leukemia, lymphoma

Question 26

reduction in white blood cell count

Answer 26

leukopenia (neutro or lympho)

Question 27

short term treatment w/:

Answer 27

antibiotics

Question 28

^ number of WBC

Answer 28

leukocytosis (granulo, eosinophilic, lympho)

Question 29

malignant disease involving WBC precursors in bone marrow and peripheral blood

Answer 29

leukemias

Question 30

lymphoid cell malignant disease predominantly involving lymph nodes

Answer 30

lymphomas

Question 31

malignant disease of plasma cells

Answer 31

multiple myeloma

Question 32

chromosomal abnormalities that take place to cause lymphomas and leukemias

Answer 32

endogenous oncogenes

Question 33

85% leukemias affect ____ and are ___

Answer 33

children; acute

Question 34

what are the 4 categories of leukemias?

Answer 34

acute lymphoblastic, acute myelogenous, chronic myelogenous, chronic lymphocytic

Question 35

20-30% all leukemias, most common form in children <5yrs, need chemotherapy

Answer 35

acute lymphoblastic

Question 36

most common form leukemia in adults

Answer 36

acute myelogenous

Question 37

three phases of chronic myelogenous

Answer 37

chronic, accelerated, blast crisis

Question 38

in chronic myelogenous, ____ inhibitors induce remission in 90% patients

Answer 38

tyrosine kinase

Question 39

which leukemia involves translocation of Philadelphia chromosome?

Answer 39

C M L

Question 40

leukemia affect patients >50yrs, unresponsive to chemotherapy

Answer 40

C L L

Question 41

affects any age group, all forms malignant,

Answer 41

lymphomas

Question 42

this lymphoma involves B and T cell neoplasms

Answer 42

non-hodgkins

Question 43

most common form of lymphoma

Answer 43

follicular

Question 44

most common aggressive form of NonHodgkin Lymphoma

Answer 44

diffuse large-cell

Question 45

lymphoma composed of small B cells, children and young adults affected

Answer 45

burkitt’s lymphoma

Question 46

classical Hodgkin’s involves:

Answer 46

reed-sternberg cells (bilobed nucleus with clear halo)

Question 47

non classical hodgkins involves

Answer 47

lymphocytic cells with popcorn nuclei

Question 48

affects mostly ppl >45yrs, involves malignant plasma cells that typically proliferate in bone marrow and destroy surrounding bone

Answer 48

multiple myeloma

Question 49

destruction of bone cause:

Answer 49

hypercalcemia, renal failure, anemia, leukopenia

Question 50

first biochem tumor marker

Answer 50

Bence Jones Protein in urine

Question 51

in MM, cells termed ___

Answer 51

monoclonal (descend from single cell)

Question 52

diagnosis of MM based on:

Answer 52

xray, serum electrophoresis, bone marrow biopsy, Bence Jones