Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology > bone and joint > Flashcards

bone and joint Flashcards

1
Q

these lay down osteoid

A

osteoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

non-mineralized matrix called:

A

osteoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

three components of long bone:

A

epiphysis, metaphysis, diaphysis (long)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

epiphysis is covered by:

A

cartilage (joint)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

metaphysis is where:

A

blood suppply comes in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

main component of bone, length and strength:

A

diaphysis (it’s hollow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is epiphyseal growth plate for?

A

cartilage laid down before become bone–>

endochondral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is epiphyseal growth plate for?

A

cartilage laid down before become bone–>

endochondral ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

predominant mineral?

A

Ca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

mature osteoblasts

A

osteocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

these remodel bone

A

osteoclasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

autosomal dominant, defect of endochondral ossification, growth of long bone retarded, normal trunk cause dwarfism

A

achondroplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

mutation in laying down of collagen, born with multiple fractures, blue sclerae, thin skin, thin dental enamel

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

mutation in laying down of collagen, born with multiple fractures, blue sclerae (whites of eyes), thin skin, thin dental enamel

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

bacterial infection of bone

A

osteomyelitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

causes of osteomyelitis?

A

pyogenic cocci (staph in metaphysis–>diaphysis–>pus into epiphysis), mixed flora (drug addiction), TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

devitalized bone fragments cut off from blood supply (dead bone)

A

sequestra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

reactive bone formed to wall off infection (laying down of new bone)

A

involucrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

bone is thin, 1/3 of women >65 yrs affected, prone to fractures

A

osteoporosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

secondary cause of osteoporosis

A

hormonal problems, dietary, immobilization, drugs (anticonvulsants, heparin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

after age __ bone loss >form

A

30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

postmenopause osteoporosis in trabecular bone (vertebrae, wrist)

A

type 1

23
Q

old age osteoporosis in cortical and trabecular bone of long bones (neck of femur)

A

type 2

24
Q

soft bones. abnormal (not calcified), disturb of vit D or PO4 metabolism

A

osteomalacia

25
Q

osteomalacia is called __ in kids

A

rickets

26
Q

causes of osteomalacia

A

vit D, hypophosphatemia

27
Q

deformities in rickets

A

bow legs, pigeon breast, growth retardation

28
Q

symptoms of osteomalacia and rickets

A

muscle spasms and fractures

29
Q

types of fractures?

A

simple, compound, comminuted, complete, incompete

30
Q

incomplete also called:

A

greenstick

31
Q

fracture with several fragments

A

comminuted

32
Q

causes of fracture

A

traumatic; pathologic

33
Q

step one of fracture healing:

A

hematoma fills and surrounds injured area, clotted blood seals off fracture site

34
Q

step two of fracture healing:

A

acute inflammatory response, granulation tissue. new blood vessels and fibroblasts, osteoblasts start making osteoid and sprinkle Ca

35
Q

step three of fracture healing:

A

realignment by osteoclasts/osteoblasts

36
Q

what is callus?

A

area of healing of fracture

37
Q

fracture treatment

A

immobilization, reconstruction of any gap, debridement

38
Q

what is debridement?

A

get rid of necrotic tissue

39
Q

location of osteosarcoma?

A

metaphysis, long bones

40
Q

osteosarcoma common in:

A

young persons, males

41
Q

degenerative joint disease–>wear and tear of articular cartilage (soft, thin, vertical clefts, surface defects)

A

osteoarthritis

42
Q

what is eburnation?

A

denuded bone

43
Q

what is bone degeneration called?

A

bone cysts

44
Q

what is osteophyte?

A

new bone formation in osteoarthritis (Heberden’s nodes)

45
Q

clinical features of osteoarthritis?

A

pain/stiffness, crepitus, swelling/warmth, Heberden’s nodes

46
Q

what is crepitus?

A

grating sensation on movement

47
Q

systemic autoimmune disease affecting synovial joints, chronic inflammation

A

rheumatoid arthritis

48
Q

rheumatoid arthritis more common in:

A

women

49
Q

exudation of fluid and inflammatory cells into joint

A

synovitis

50
Q

what is pannus?

A

ingrowth of vessels + synovial cells–>granulation tissue (inflamed synovium)

51
Q

what is synovium?

A

lubrication, protection of joints

52
Q

what does pannus do?

A

secrete lytic enzymes that destroy cartilage

53
Q

immobilized joints referred to as:

A

ankylosis

54
Q

complications of rheumatoid?

A

joint deformities, ulnar drift, lung fibrosis

Pathology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions