pathology of congestion and oedema

Question 1

congestion

Answer 1

relative excess of blood in vessels of tissue or organ

Question 2

DVT: vein blocked causing localised acute congestion

Answer 2

blood backs up in veins, reduced outlfow –> local acute congestion and dec conc. gradient so dec flow across system and no oxygen –> ischeamia and infarction

Question 3

hepatic cirrhosis

Answer 3

regenerating liver form nodules of hepatocuyes w fibrosis - altered blood flow and local chronic congestion (risk haemorrhage)

Question 4

congestive heart failure

Answer 4

heart unable to clear blood: L and R. Dec CO –> dec GFR –> Na and H20 retension —> fluid overload

Question 5

effects of congestive heart failure

Answer 5

back pressure, pulmonary oedema, central venous congestion

Question 6

oedema

Answer 6

accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the extravascular compartment

Question 7

peripheral oedema

Answer 7

inc interstitial fluid in tissues

Question 8

effusions

Answer 8

fluid collections in body cavity

Question 9

oedema: transudate

Answer 9

alterations in haemodynamic force,, cardiac failure, fluid overload

Question 10

oedema: transudate characteristics

Answer 10

not much protein/albumin (few cells), lots and H20 + electrolytes, low specific gravity

Question 11

oedema: exudate

Answer 11

part of inflammatory process due to inc vascular permeabilitu - tumour, inflammation, allergy

Question 12

oedema: exudate characteristics

Answer 12

higher protein/albumin content, high specific gravity