hypertension

Question 1

diagnosis of htn

Answer 1

> 140/90 in clinic

>135/85 at home/ambulatory reasings

Question 2

stage 1

Answer 2

> 140/90 at clinic

>135/85 home

Question 3

stage 2

Answer 3

clinic >160/100

home >150/95

Question 4

stage 3

Answer 4

> 180/120

Question 5

causes of secondary htn

Answer 5

renal disease (renal artery stenosis) 
pregnancy 
PET
obesity 
endocrine: conn's etc

Question 6

risk factors

Answer 6

smoking,
diabetes,
renal disease,
male, 
hyperlipidemia, 
prev MI or stroke,  
L ventric hypertrophy

Question 7

htn complications

Answer 7

IHD
cerebovascular event - stroke, haemorrhage 
htn retinopathy 
htn nephropathy 
heart failure

Question 8

assessing end organ damage

Answer 8

fundoscopy 
creat:albumin ration (proteinuria) 
dipstix - haematuria 
HbA1c
renal functon bloods
lipid levels

Question 9

anti-htn beta blockers suffix

Answer 9

olol

Question 10

anti-htn ACE-I suffix

Answer 10

pril

Question 11

anti-htn CCB suffix

Answer 11

dipine

Question 12

anti-htn ARBs suffix

Answer 12

sartan

Question 13

anti-htn thiazide like diuretic suffix

Answer 13

ide

Question 14

BP target <80yrs

Answer 14

<140

<90

Question 15

BP target >80yrs

Answer 15

<150

<90

Question 16

step 1 treatment

Answer 16

ACE-I (if black or old use CCB)

Question 17

step 2 treatment

Answer 17

ACEI + CCB (ARB if black)

Question 18

step 3 treatment

Answer 18

ACE-I + CCB + diuretic

Question 19

step 4 treatment

Answer 19

ACEI + CCB + diurectic
if K <4.5 spironolaction
if K >4.5 beta blocker

Question 20

what type of diuretic is spironolactone

Answer 20

potassium sparking

Question 21

how does spironolacone work

Answer 21

blocks action of aldosterone in kidneys resulting in sodium excretion and potassium reabsorptoin

Question 22

treatment target: <80yrs

Answer 22

<140

<90

Question 23

treatment target :>80yrs

Answer 23

<150

<90