chronic heart failure Flashcards

1
Q

why does CHF happen

A

impaired L ventricular contraction
or
impaired L ventricular relaxation

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2
Q

presentation

A
SOB - worse onn exertion 
cough - frothy sputum
orthopnoea
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea
peripheral oedema
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3
Q

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea

A

sudden waking at night with severe attack of SOB and cough

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4
Q

mechanism of PND

A
  • fluid settles across large surface area of lungs whilst sleepig lying flat
  • respiratory centre in brain less responsive in sleep
  • less circulating adrenalin during sleep - worsens caridac outpt
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5
Q

diagnosing CHF

A

clinical presentation
BNP
ECHO
ECG

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6
Q

causes of CHF

A

IHD
valvular heart disease - aortic stenosis
hypertension
arrythmias - AF

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7
Q

Mx

A

specialist referral
medical Mx
surgical Mx if aortic stenosis/mitral regurg

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8
Q

additional Mx

A

flu + pneumococcal vaccine
stop smoking
exercixw

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9
Q

1st line medical treatmetn

A

ACEI
Beta blocker
loop diuretic e.g. furosemide

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10
Q

when to use aldosterone antagonist

A

when there is reduced ejection fraction and uncontrolled symptoms with ACEI and beta blocker

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