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cardiovascular > heart failure > Flashcards

heart failure Flashcards

1
Q

systolic heart failure

A

impaired contraction during systole

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2
Q

diastolic heart failure

A

impaired ventricular filling during diastole

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3
Q

causes of systolic HF

A

IHD
dilated cardhopmyopathy
infiltration - haemochromatosis, sarcoidosis

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4
Q

causes of diastolic HF

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
restrictive cardiomyopathy
cardiac tamponade
constrictive pericarditis

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5
Q

high output cardiac failure

A

normal CO, but cant keep up with peripheral demand

anaemia 
AV malformation 
Paget's 
pregnancy 
thyroxicosis
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6
Q

symptoms of L heart failure

A

SOB
orthopnoea
PND
cough +/- frothy sputum

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7
Q

signs of L sided HF

A 
tachypnoea
bibasal fine crackles
cysnosis 
prolonged CRT 
pulses alterans
S3 gallop rhythm
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8
Q

symptoms of R sided heart failure

A

ankle swelling
weight gain
abdo discomfort

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9
Q

signs of R sided HF

A

raised JVP
pitting oedema
ascites
transudative pleural effusions

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10
Q

NYHA class I

A

no limitation physical activity

activity ≠ fatigue, SOB, palpitations

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11
Q

NYHA class II

A

slight limitation
comfort at rest
ordinary activity = fatigue

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12
Q

NYHA class III

A

marked limitation
comfort at rest
minimal activity = fatigue

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13
Q

NYHA class IV

A

unable to carry out any activity w/o discomfort

symptoms at rest

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14
Q

BNP > 2000

A

2wk wait referral

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15
Q

BNP 400-2000

A

6wk wait referral

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16
Q

CXR findings

A 
alveolar oedema
kerley B lines
cardiomegaly 
upper lobe blood diversion 
pleural effusions 
fluid in horizontal fissure
17
Q

pharmacological Mx

A

ACE I and beta blocker

loop diuretic

18
Q

improving mortality - if cant tolerate ACEI

A

ARB

19
Q

improving mortality - if can’t tolerate ACI and ARB

A

hydralazine and silver nitrate

20
Q

Mx - symptoms persisting or class 3/4

A

aldosterone antagonist

hydralazine and nitrate if afro carribean

21
Q

when is ICD indicated

A
  • QRS <120, high risk death, class 1-3
  • QRS 120-149, class 1-3
  • QRS 120-149, LBBB, class 1
22
Q

acute Mx pulmonary oedema

A

sit up
oxygen therapy - aim sats >94%
IV furosemide 40g

23
Q

side effects/ beta blckers

A

hypotension

bradycardia

24
Q

adverse effects/ ACEI

A

hyperkalaemia

dry cough

25
Q

adverse effects/ spironolactone

A

hyperkalaemia

gynaecomastia

26
Q

adverse effects/ furosemide

A

hyponatraemia

hypokalaemia

cardiovascular (51 decks)

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