acute LVF and pulmonary oedema

Question 1

left ventricular failure

Answer 1

left ventricle is unable to adequately move blood through the left side of heart and out into body –> backlog of blood so inc blood in L atriu, pulmonary veins and lungs

Question 2

triggers

Answer 2

iatrogenic e.g. aggressive IV fluids
sepsis
MI
arrythmias

Question 3

acute LVF presentation

Answer 3

rapid onset SOB, T1 resp failure, cough w sputum, inc RR, dec sats, inc HR, crackles

Question 4

right heart failure presentatioin

Answer 4

raised JVP and peripheral oedema

Question 5

B-type natriuretic peptide

Answer 5

BNP is a hormone released by heart ventricles when myocardium is stretched beyond normal range. High result indicates heart is overloaded beyond ability to pump effectively

Question 6

action of BNP

Answer 6

relax smooth muscle in blood vessels to reduce TPR. Also promores excretin of water at kidnys

Question 7

causes of raised BNP

Answer 7

heart failure, tachycardia, sepsis, PE, renal impairment, COPD

Question 8

CXR findings

Answer 8

cardiomegaly, pleural effusion

Question 9

management of acute LVF

Answer 9

stop IV fluids, sit them up, give oxygen, diuretics