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Path review Flashcards

1
Q

type of herniation that complesses the ant cerebral artery

A

subfalcine

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2
Q

type of herniation that gives blown pupil, hemiparesis, duret hemorrhages

A

transtentorial

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3
Q

type of herniation that can damage respiration and cardiac centers of brainstem

A

tonsillar

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4
Q

most common vascular site of embolism

A

MCA distribution

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5
Q

most common site of clot in brain

A

MCA and basilar arteries

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6
Q

red neurons occur in what time frame

A

12-24 hours

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7
Q

gliosis occurs in what time frame

A

14+ days

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8
Q

typical pt with AVM

A

young man with seizures

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9
Q

artherosclerotic aneurysm usually occurs where?

A

basilar aa

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10
Q

disease associated with berry aneurysms

A

adult polycystic kidney disease

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11
Q

duret hemorrages usually occur from

A

tearing of vessels during herniation

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12
Q

causes slit hemorrhages

A

hypertension

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13
Q

common sites of hypertensive hemorrhages

A

white matter, deep gray matter, cereballum

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14
Q

common cause of parenchymal hemorrage

A

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy

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15
Q

plaques formed of

A

beta amyloid

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16
Q

location of plaques

A

extracellular

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17
Q

tangles formed of

A

tau

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18
Q

tangles located

A

intracellular

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19
Q

first place in brain dementia starts to form

A

entorhinal cortex

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20
Q

protein in lewy bodies

A

alpha synuclein

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21
Q

clinical criteria for lewy body dementia

A

demantia within 1 year of parkinson sx

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22
Q

ALS destroys…

A

both upper and lower motor neurons

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23
Q

most common glaucoma

A

open angle

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24
Q

most acutely serious glaucoma

A

closed angle

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25
Q

glaucoma with iris stuck to cornea

A

closed angle

26
Q

glaucoma with cup shaped optic nerve

A

closed angle

27
Q

corneal degeneration with whote blue ring around the corneal region

A

acus senilis

28
Q

cause of acrus senilis

A

increased cholesterol or scarring of cornea

29
Q

cause of pterygium.pinuecula

A

sun damage causing submucosal elevation in the cinjunctiva

30
Q

can cause saucer like depression of cornea

A

pinguecula

31
Q

bad type of macular degeneration

32
Q

most common type of macular degeneration

33
Q

congential causes of cataracts

A

CMV, rubella

34
Q

causes of adult cataracts

A

steroids, sun, diabetes

35
Q

how diabetes causes blindness

A

diabetes leads to angiogenesis, leading to microaneurysms, which are leaky, leading to macular edema, leading to vessels developng over the optic nerve

36
Q

common causes of retinal artery occlusion

A

Ophthalmology, thrombosis, emboli

37
Q

vein occlision can lead to

A

neovascularization and closed angle glaucoma

38
Q

most common eye tumor

39
Q

histology of eye melanoma

A

spindled and epitheloid cells

40
Q

adverse features of melanoma

A

epitheloid histology

41
Q

mutation in retinoblastoma

A

RB (13q14) (needs 2 hits)

42
Q

chalazion is a chronic..

A

stye (blocked eyelid gland)

43
Q

type of myositis that is shows in adults

44
Q

dermatomyositis in adults could be manifestation of

A

paraneoplastic syndrome

45
Q

most common inflamatory myopathy in elderly

A

inclusion body myopathy

46
Q

vaculoses in imflamatory myopathy contain

A

tau and beta

47
Q

myopathy that does NOT respond to steroids

A

inclusion body

48
Q

worse kind of MD

A

duchene’s

49
Q

pseudohypertropy of calves indicates

50
Q

CSF findings in MS

A

oligoclonal banding

51
Q

headache, lethargy, coma a few weeks after an infection

A

acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis

52
Q

caused by JC virus

A

progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

53
Q

people who get progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy are usually

A

immunocompromised

54
Q

signs of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

A

ring enhancing lesions, viral inclusions in oligodendrocytes

55
Q

of weirnacke/korsakoff: the irreversiable serious one

56
Q

non alcoholic causes of Wernickie-korsakoff

A

chronic gastritis or profound vomiting

57
Q

wernicke lesions

A

mamillary bodies

58
Q

korsakoff lesions

59
Q

cause of ataxia and nystagmus in alchoholics

A

cerebellar atrophy

60
Q

sx of b12 deficency

A

ataxia, numbness/tingling, spastic weakness, paraplegia

CNS II (25 decks)

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