Dementia Flashcards
Define dementia. • Identify common types of dementia and their differential features. • Identify other clinical conditions on the differential diagnosis of dementia. • Identify helpful treatment interventions in dementia.
dx of dementia
memory impairment + one of the following:
aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, disturbance in executive function
non diagnostic, but common dementia sx
visual/spatial deficits, gradual onset and progressive decline, psychosis
cortica; dementias (2)
alzheimer’s, frontotemporal
lobes affected by alzheimer’s
temporal and parietal
definitive dx of alzheimer’s
neurofibrillary plaques and tangles
allele linked to alzheimer’s
APOE4
sx of frontotemporal dementia
initial presentation of personality changes and disinhibition
dementia with tau inclusions
frontotemporal
subcortical dementia types (4)
huntington’s, wilson’s progressive supranuclear, limbic encephalopathy
paraneoplastic dementia
limbic encephalopathy
dementia sensitive to extrapyramidal sx from antipsychotics
lewy body dementia
dementia with parkinsonism and visual hallucinations (particularly little people)
lewy body
rapid, stepwise dementia caused by
vasculat dementia
imaging findings in vascular dementia
old infartcs, lacunae, diffuse white matter changes, subdural hematomas
treatable dementia presenting with gait apraxia and incontinence
normal pressure hydrocephalus
reversable ddx of dementia
obstructive sleep dementia, depression, malnutrition, toxic/metabolic issues
predisposng illness to normal pressure hydrocephalus
sudural hematoma, meningitis, tertiary syphilis, collagen vascular dx
treatment for normal pressure hydrocephalus
shunting
sx of b12 deficiency
macrocytic anemia, glive stocking sensory loss, dementia
acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for dementia
donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine
MOA of memantine
glutamate blockade, preventing excitotxicity
risk in treating elderly with new generation antipsychotics
CVA
sleep aid for dementia
trazadone
treatment for agitation in dementia
mood stabilizer
