Path Eye Flashcards
- Compare and contrast acute vs. chronic glaucoma (open angle vs. closed angle) - Define the following degenerative conditions of the eye: Arcus Senilis, Pterygium, Pinguecula, Macular degeneration (wet vs. dry), Cataracts - Describe the pathologic manifestations of diabetic retinopathy. - List the common causes of central retinal artery and vein occlusion. - Describe the clinicopathologic features of 2 common tumors of the eye (melanoma and retinoblastoma) - Define chalazion
Viruses that can cause conjunctivitis
adenovirus and Herpes simplex
bacteria that can cause conjunctivitis
Opthalmia noenaturum
neoplasms that can cause conjunctivitis
Squamus cell carcinoma, melanoma
small raised pale yellow-tan nodule, usually nasal
pinguecula
triangular vascularized growth onto cornea from nasal limbus
pterygium
most common type of glaucoma
open angle
glaucoma more common in blacks
open angle
cause of close angle glaucoma
physical obstruction of outflow tract by peripherial iris, causing increased intraocular pressure
sx of closed angle glaucoma
pain, redness,photophobia, decreased vision, fixed, mid-dilated pupil
what can trigger sx in closed angle glaucoma
being in a dark room for a long time
sx of open angle glaucoma
arcuate visual field loss
types of cataracts
nuclear, cortical, or subcapsular
causes of adult cataracts
sun exposure, diabetes, steroids
causes of congenital cataracts
rubella, CMV
vascular causes of retainopathy
diabetes, hypertension, vessel occulsion
worse form of macular degeneration
wet
most common cause of macular degeneration
dry
drusen on a thick, possibly calcified bruch’s membrane is..
dry macular degeneration
subretinal choroidal neovascular membrane breaks through bruche’s membrane - causing hemorrage and scar
wet macular degeneration
causes os optic disc edema
malignant hypertension, optic neuropathy, elevated ICP
histopathologic signs of optic disc edema
elevation of optic disc, displacement of retina at disc margin, neerve fiber layer menorrhages at disc margin, cotton wool microinfarcts
mutation causing retinoblastoma
RB gene on 13q14 (both alleles need be mutated)
type of gene RB is
tumor suppressor
clinical features of retinoblastoma
white pupil, strabismus
most common secondary tumor wound in germline retinoblastoma
osteosarcoma
histology of retinoblastoma
rosettes, fleurette, pseudorosette
adverse prognstic findings
invasion into choroid and/or optic nerve, extraocular extension, diffuse and/or growth anterior to equator
most common primary eye malignancy in adults
melanoma
histology of eye melanoma
spindle cells, epitheliloid cells, necrosis
adverse prognosis in eye melanoma
extraocular extension, large tumor, eppitheloid type, closed loop patterns, metastatses
most common sites of melamona mets
liver, lung, brain, bone, GI
