path response to injury

Question 1

when do you see red neuron

Answer 1

eosinophilic necrosis following acute injury

Question 2

most common response to CNS injury

Answer 2

gliosis (hypertrophy ad hyperplasia of astrocytes)

Question 3

rosenthal fibers

Answer 3

corkscrew, brightly eosinophilic astrocyte processes. Seen in long standing gliosis and tumors

Question 4

subfalcine herniation: where? what vessel?

Answer 4

cingulate gyrus under falx. ACA

Question 5

uncal (hippocampal) herniation: what is affected? what vessel?

Answer 5

CN 3 and 6. PCA

Question 6

what gets injured in global cerebral ischemia

Answer 6

areas of selective vulnerability: pyramidal neurons in CA1 of hippocampus, cerebellar purkinje, pyramidal neurons in watershed areas

Question 7

what is the most common cause of focal cerebral ischemia

Answer 7

cardiac mural thrombi

Question 8

progressive microscopic changes in stroke

Answer 8

red neurons, pmn’s -> macrophages -> coag and liquefactive necrosis (lipid laden macrophages)

Question 9

lacunar infarct: where? seen in? what parts of brain?

Answer 9

perivascular; HTN; basal ganglia, thalamus, internal capsule, pons, deep white matter, putamen

Question 10

most likely etiology of tumor in pons, thalamus, putamen, basal ganglia

Answer 10

HTN

Question 11

most common cause of non-traumatic sub-arachnoid hemorrhage. Most common location?

Answer 11

rupture of saccular aneurysm. anterior cerebral circulation. Loss of IEL. Associated with ADPKD

Question 12

response to axonal injury is called

Answer 12

chromatolysis

Question 13

heritable form of stoke

Answer 13

CADASIL