epilepsy drgs Flashcards
Phenytoin: mechanism, administration routes and problems, uses
use dependent blockade of Na channel; available IV formulation, highly bound (pharmacokinetics), Tonic clonic, focal, status epilepticus prophylaxis
phenytoin side effects
acts on cerebellum like alcohol: (drowsiness, ataxia, confusion, insomnia, nystagmus), gum hyperplasia, hirsutism
carbamazapine: uses, adverse effects, drug interactions
first line for partial and trigeminal neuralgia. Agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia, hyponatremia. Stimulates metabolism of other drugs (chemotherapy, coumadin)
phenobarbital: uses, mechanism
1st line for partial in kids. GABAa receptor, Increases DURATION of Cl channel opening
Benzodiazepines: suffix, mech, uses
pams and lams. GABA receptor, ^ FREQUENCY of Cl channel opening . First line acute status epilep.
Valproic acid: uses, side effects
1st line generalized. Hepatotoxicity (measure LFTs), birth defects (neural tube), weight gain
Ethosuximide: uses, mechanism
specific for absence, T-type Ca channel block in thalamus. Fatigue, GI distress, HA
oxcarbazepine: side effects
prominent hyponatremia
Gabapentin: uses, problems, benefits
add-on for partial seizures, lacks potency. Use for neuropathic pain. Cannot overdose
Lamotrigine: benefits and side effects
stevens johnson syndrome, safe in pregnancy
Keppra (levetiracetam): uses, adverse effects
broad spectrum for partial and generalized. IRRITABILITY
Topiramate (topamax): adverse effects, uses
dopamax (memory and cognitive), appetite suppression and weight loss. Migraine prophylaxis, neuropathic pain
Pregabalin (lyrica): mechanism, adverse effects
voltage-gated calcium channels, appetite increase
vigabatrin: mechanism, side effects
inhibits GABA breakdown. Significant irreversible visual field loss
Tiagabine: mech
inhibits GABA reputake
which can be used for neuropathic pain
gabapentin, carbamazepine, pregabalin
which can be used for bipolar disorder
lamotrogine, valproic acid
which can be used for migraine
valproic acid, topiramate, zonisamide
