epilepsy drgs Flashcards
Phenytoin: mechanism, administration routes and problems, uses
use dependent blockade of Na channel; available IV formulation, highly bound (pharmacokinetics), Tonic clonic, focal, status epilepticus prophylaxis
phenytoin side effects
acts on cerebellum like alcohol: (drowsiness, ataxia, confusion, insomnia, nystagmus), gum hyperplasia, hirsutism
carbamazapine: uses, adverse effects, drug interactions
first line for partial and trigeminal neuralgia. Agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia, hyponatremia. Stimulates metabolism of other drugs (chemotherapy, coumadin)
phenobarbital: uses, mechanism
1st line for partial in kids. GABAa receptor, Increases DURATION of Cl channel opening
Benzodiazepines: suffix, mech, uses
pams and lams. GABA receptor, ^ FREQUENCY of Cl channel opening . First line acute status epilep.
Valproic acid: uses, side effects
1st line generalized. Hepatotoxicity (measure LFTs), birth defects (neural tube), weight gain
Ethosuximide: uses, mechanism
specific for absence, T-type Ca channel block in thalamus. Fatigue, GI distress, HA
oxcarbazepine: side effects
prominent hyponatremia
Gabapentin: uses, problems, benefits
add-on for partial seizures, lacks potency. Use for neuropathic pain. Cannot overdose
Lamotrigine: benefits and side effects
stevens johnson syndrome, safe in pregnancy
Keppra (levetiracetam): uses, adverse effects
broad spectrum for partial and generalized. IRRITABILITY
Topiramate (topamax): adverse effects, uses
dopamax (memory and cognitive), appetite suppression and weight loss. Migraine prophylaxis, neuropathic pain
Pregabalin (lyrica): mechanism, adverse effects
voltage-gated calcium channels, appetite increase
vigabatrin: mechanism, side effects
inhibits GABA breakdown. Significant irreversible visual field loss
Tiagabine: mech
inhibits GABA reputake
