Brain states

Question 1

How is the brain a semi parallel system

Answer 1

each system can work independently but can also synchronize with other systems

Question 2

Where must injury occur for decreased level of arousal to be present?

Answer 2

ascending reticular activating system in midbrain, both thalami, both hemispheres. Focal injury will NOT cause coma

Question 3

how to differentiate focal deficits from global

Answer 3

Non focal is hat happens when you’re drunk: ataxia, dysarthria, inattention, confusion, HA, etc

Question 4

coma definition

Answer 4

Cannot be stimulated to respond purposefully. No awareness of self or environment, no eye opening or circadian rhythm

Question 5

stupor definition

Answer 5

b/w alert and coma. Can respond purposefully but requires constatnt stimulation to engage

Question 6

Obtundation

Answer 6

mild version of stupor

Question 7

delirium

Answer 7

fluctuating attention often accompanied by hallucinations. Often caused by generalized illness but not due to direct brain injury

Question 8

Locked in

Answer 8

injury to pons. No facial movement, quadriplegia. Full consciousness

Question 9

vegetative state

Answer 9

like coma but with return of circadian rhythm causing eye opening and movements. No awareness. Transition from coma after 10-30 days

Question 10

abulia

Answer 10

apathetic state with psychomotor retardation btu intact cognitive function. Medial frontal lobe injury

Question 11

brain death

Answer 11

irreversible loss of all functions of entire brain, including brainstem reflexes. May still have spinal reflexes