path Flashcards
which valves are predominantly involved in acquired disease?
aortic and mitral
The abnormal valves show increased susceptibility to
- Nodular calcification and fibrosis
- Vegetation formation
- Infection
Myxomatous degeneration
-Names for valves changes:
- Ballooning
- Tenting
- Myxomatous degeneration
- Hooding
____ is the most common cause of isolated mitral regurgitation (occurs in ~5% of the population)
Myxomatous degeneration
Myxomatous degeneration pathogenesis: causes
- Most Cases: pathogenesis is uncertain
2. Marfan syndrome
Myxomatous degeneration pathogenesis
- Defect in the metabolism of extracellular matrix
- Accumulation of myxomatous extracellular material - Leads to softening / enlargement
- ballooning of leaflet(s) (especially of the posterior leaflet) into the left atrium during systole
- elongation / fibrosis of the chordae tendinea
Myxomatous degeneration pathogenesis: marfan
- Fibrillin defect: Elastic fiber problems
- Heart and Aorta - life threatening changes - mitral valve prolapse
- Aortic ring dilation
- Aneurysm of aorta – with possibility of dissection
Myxomatous degeneration complications
- Asymptomatic in the majority of patients
- Regurgitation
- Infective endocarditis is a potential complication
Calcific Aortic Stenosis: complications
- LV outflow deficits
2. LV hypertrophy
inflammatory: post infections are ___ mediated
antibody
pancarditis effect on myocardium
Myocarditis: “Aschoff bodies” = collection of mononuclear cells
pancarditis effect on pericardium
Fibrinous pericarditis, leads to fibrosis / adhesions
acute symptoms of pancarditis
- arrhythmia
- tachycardia,
- pericardial friction rub
- may be mostly “asymptomatic,” lost in the prodrome of “rheumatic fever“
rheumatic heart disease often leads to
endocarditis
endocarditis is
- inflammation of endocardium / valves and eventual fibrosis
- Mitral Valve (65-75% of cases)
- Aortic Valve, usually with Mitral Valve too (25% of cases)
