myocarditis

Question 1

acute myocarditis is

Answer 1

1. Acute inflammation of the cardiac muscle that is usually viral in etiology
2. May be focal or diffuse

Question 2

acute myocarditis common presentations

Answer 2

1. fever
2. chest pain with ECG changes
3. arrhythmia
4. heart failure

Question 3

dilated cardiomyopathy presentation

Answer 3

1. Heart failure with a large silent heart with impaired systolic function
2. enlarged heart
3. congested lung fields on xray
4. LV: dilated, hypokinetic
5. dilated poorly contractile LV

Question 4

dilated cardiomyopathy clinical manifestations

Answer 4

1. heart failure
2. arryhthmia
3. thromboembolism

Question 5

Activation of AT1 receptors by angiotensin II causes

Answer 5

1. Vasoconstriction
2. Increased aldosterone release
3. Sodium Retention
4. Fibrosis
5. Increased Sympathetic Activity
6. Hypertrophy

Question 6

dilated cardiomyopathy tx

Answer 6

1. tx HF
2. anticoagulation
3. anti-arrhythmic agents
4. anti-inflammatory/immunosuppresie

Question 7

how to tx HF in filated cardiomyopathy

Answer 7

1. Diuretics
2. ACE Inhibitors
3. Beta blockers
4. Aldosterone antagonists
5. Vasodilators
6. Inotropes
7. LVads
8. Transplant

Question 8

antiarrhythmic agents in tx dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 8

1. drugs

2. implantable defibrillators

Question 9

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy without aortic outflow obstruction

Answer 9

1. Diastolic dysfunction due to impaired diastolic relaxation & increased stiffness
2. `Elevated LV diastolic pressure causes increased pulmonary venous & capillary pressures
3. Dyspnea on exertion usual symptom

Question 10

hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

Answer 10

1. Asymmetric myocardial hypertrophy
2. Diastolic dysfunction
3. Enhanced systolic dysfunction
4. Dynamic left ventricular outflow obstruction
5. Propensity for syncope & sudden death

Question 11

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy causes

Answer 11

1. Vasodilator decreases ventricular volume

2. increases outflow obstruction

Question 12

hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: clincial manifestations

Answer 12

1. variable: asymptomatic to severe
2. dyspnea
3. angina
4. sudden death

Question 13

hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: dyspnea caused by

Answer 13

Increased LV filling pressure

Question 14

hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: angina caused by

Answer 14

1. Hypertrophic LV

2. Increased systolic LV pressure

Question 15

hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: sudden death caused by

Answer 15

1. Arrhythmia

2. Frequent cause of sudden death in athletes

Question 16

hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: treatment

Answer 16

1. Avoid competitive sports and other extreme exertion
2. Decrease contractility–Beta blockers/Verapamil
3. Surgical myomectomy or Alcohol ablation
4. Automatic Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator

Question 17

restrictive cardiomyopathy: most commonly infiltrative

Answer 17

1. amyloidosis

2. sarcoidosis

Question 18

restrictive cardiomyopathy: impaired ventricular filling due to

Answer 18

stiff (noncompliant) ventricles