cardiac physical

Question 1

____ in the leading cause of death

Answer 1

Heart disease

Question 2

common causes of chest pain

Answer 2

1. cardiac
2. vascular
3. pulmonary
4. musculoskeletal
5. neural
6. GI
7. emotional

Question 3

cardiac causes of chest pain

Answer 3

1. CAD: coronary artery disease
2. AVD: aortic valvular
3. pulmonary hypertension
4. mitral valve prolapse
5. pericardiitis
6. idiopathic hypertrophoc subaortic stenosis

Question 4

vascular causes of chest pain

Answer 4

dissection of aorta

Question 5

Angina Pectoris:

Answer 5

1. true symptoms of coronary heart disease
2. supply demand mismatch in the coronary arteries leads to hypoxia in the myocardium that causes pain.
3. The pain is from the hypoxia.

Question 6

characteristics of chest pain:

Answer 6

1. location
2. radiation
3. description
4. intensity
5. duration
6. precipitated by
7. relieved by

Question 7

Location: angina or not

Answer 7

Angina: retrosternal, diffuse

Not: left inframammary, localized

Question 8

radiation: angina or not?

Answer 8

angina: left arm, jaw, back

not angina: right arm

Question 9

description: angina or not

Answer 9

angina: aching, dull, pressing, sqeezing, vise like

not angina: sharp, shooting, cutting

Question 10

intensity: angina or not

Answer 10

angina: mild to severe

Not angina: excrutiating

Question 11

duration: angina or not

Answer 11

angina: minutes

Not angina: second, hours, days

Question 12

precipitated by: angina or not?

Answer 12

Angina: effort, emotion, eating, cold

Not: respiration, posture, motion

Question 13

relieved by: angina or not?

Answer 13

angina: rest, nitroglycerin

Not angina: nonspecific

Question 14

common causes of dyspnea

Answer 14

1. cardiac
2. pulmonary
3. emotional
4. high altitude
5. anemia

Question 15

dyspnea: cardiac

Answer 15

1. LV failure

2. mitral stenosis

Question 16

dyspnea causes: pulmonary

Answer 16

1, obstructive lung dz

2. asthma
3. restrictive lung dz
4. PE
5. Pulmonary hypertension

Question 17

Cardiac dyspnea:

Answer 17

1. orthopnea
2. paraxygmal nocturnal dysnpnea—PND:
3. dyyspnea on exhertion—DOE:

Question 18

syncope

Answer 18

1. Refers to transient loss of consciousness
2. Results from cerebral hypo perfusion
3. Can be due to benign or malignant causes
4. The key to diagnosing type of syncope lies in the history

Question 19

orthopnea

Answer 19

—shortness of breath when lying flat, received by sleeing on multiple pillows

Question 20

paraxygmal nocturnal dysnpnea—PND:

Answer 20

shortness of breath that wakes one out of sleep

Question 21

dyyspnea on exhertion—DOE:

Answer 21

shortness of breath when walking

Question 22

symptoms that are cardiac in origin

Answer 22

1.  Shortness of breath at
rest or with exertion
2. Irregular heart beat
3.  Faintness or dizziness
4.  Swelling in feet or
hands
5. Awaking from sleep
short of breath
6. Difficulty sleeping when
laying flat
7.  Leg pain with activity
8.  Stroke
9.  Chest pain or pressure
10. Passing out
11. Cyanosis

Question 23

• _____ blood pressure is
the first Korotkoff sound
• _____ blood pressure is
the loss of Korotkoff sounds

Answer 23

Systolic

Diastolic

Question 24

where can you palpate the RV?

Answer 24

epigastrium