cardiac physical Flashcards
____ in the leading cause of death
Heart disease
common causes of chest pain
- cardiac
- vascular
- pulmonary
- musculoskeletal
- neural
- GI
- emotional
cardiac causes of chest pain
- CAD: coronary artery disease
- AVD: aortic valvular
- pulmonary hypertension
- mitral valve prolapse
- pericardiitis
- idiopathic hypertrophoc subaortic stenosis
vascular causes of chest pain
dissection of aorta
Angina Pectoris:
- true symptoms of coronary heart disease
- supply demand mismatch in the coronary arteries leads to hypoxia in the myocardium that causes pain.
- The pain is from the hypoxia.
characteristics of chest pain:
- location
- radiation
- description
- intensity
- duration
- precipitated by
- relieved by
Location: angina or not
Angina: retrosternal, diffuse
Not: left inframammary, localized
radiation: angina or not?
angina: left arm, jaw, back
not angina: right arm
description: angina or not
angina: aching, dull, pressing, sqeezing, vise like
not angina: sharp, shooting, cutting
intensity: angina or not
angina: mild to severe
Not angina: excrutiating
duration: angina or not
angina: minutes
Not angina: second, hours, days
precipitated by: angina or not?
Angina: effort, emotion, eating, cold
Not: respiration, posture, motion
relieved by: angina or not?
angina: rest, nitroglycerin
Not angina: nonspecific
common causes of dyspnea
- cardiac
- pulmonary
- emotional
- high altitude
- anemia
dyspnea: cardiac
- LV failure
2. mitral stenosis
dyspnea causes: pulmonary
1, obstructive lung dz
- asthma
- restrictive lung dz
- PE
- Pulmonary hypertension
Cardiac dyspnea:
- orthopnea
- paraxygmal nocturnal dysnpnea—PND:
- dyyspnea on exhertion—DOE:
syncope
- Refers to transient loss of consciousness
- Results from cerebral hypo perfusion
- Can be due to benign or malignant causes
- The key to diagnosing type of syncope lies in the history
orthopnea
—shortness of breath when lying flat, received by sleeing on multiple pillows
paraxygmal nocturnal dysnpnea—PND:
shortness of breath that wakes one out of sleep
dyyspnea on exhertion—DOE:
shortness of breath when walking
symptoms that are cardiac in origin
1. Shortness of breath at rest or with exertion 2. Irregular heart beat 3. Faintness or dizziness 4. Swelling in feet or hands 5. Awaking from sleep short of breath 6. Difficulty sleeping when laying flat 7. Leg pain with activity 8. Stroke 9. Chest pain or pressure 10. Passing out 11. Cyanosis
• _____ blood pressure is
the first Korotkoff sound
• _____ blood pressure is
the loss of Korotkoff sounds
Systolic
Diastolic
where can you palpate the RV?
epigastrium
