Particle Theory Flashcards
What is a particle theory ?
Everything is made of particles and represented by circles.
What is the name to the circles that represent particles
“model”
Why is it just a theory ?
Because we can’t see them(too small to see)
Solids
Neat lines with no gapes
They only vibrate
Solids can’t change shape.
Can’t be compressed(squashed)
Liquids
Randomly arranged but still touching.
Can move around each other
Can change shape
Can’t be compressed
Gas
Randomly arranged and spread out. Move quickly in all directions.
Can change shape
Can be compressed.
How heating up affects the particles?
Energy increases
Movement increases
Particles spread out(more space between them)
How cooling down affects the particle?
Energy decreases
Movement decreases
Particle join together
Solid-Liquid
Melting
Liquid-Gas
Evaporation/Boiling
Gas-Liquid
Condensation
Liquid-Solid
Freezing
Solid-Gas
Sublimination
Gas-Solid
Deposition
Insoluble
It won’t dissolve
Solvent
Liquid in which the solute dissolves
What is saturation
When no more solute can dissolve in the solvent.
Warmer solutions need more solute to be saturated.
Pure substances
Contain only one type of particles
E.g. pure water only contains only water particles.
Impure substances
Are mixtures of different types of particles.
Soluble
It will dissolve
Solute
Usually a solid.
It’s the material that is being dissolved
Solution
The mixture of the solute and the solvent
How can we remove an insoluble solid from the solution by filtration.
By filtration, the filter paper.
What is the name of the liquid that comes out of the filter paper
Filtrate
What is the name of the material left on the filter paper
Residue
How can we remove a soluble substance(solute) from the solvent
Evaporation
Expand
Get bigger because they get hotter so particles accelerate so they take more space
Contract
Things get smaller because they cool down so they decelerate and take up less space
Diffusion
Particles move from where there are lots of them (high concentration) to where there are few of them (low concentration).
How can we accelerate diffusion?
Warm up the room because particle accelerate at higher temperatures
How can we increase pressure
- Increase temperature
- Add more particles
- Reduce the size of the container
What is pressure caused by
Gas particle pushing against the sides of their container
If the pressure inside a container is higher than the one outside, it…
Expands
If the pressure inside a container is lower than outside, it…
Contracts
