Materials Flashcards
Property
Can be measured and is quoted with a unit
physical property
can be observed without the identity of the substance. Colour, density, hardness, melting point, ductility…
Chemical property
The ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change. Flamability, reactivity, PH, solubility
Gases in the air
Nitrogen- 78% Oxygen- 20.9% Argon gases- 0.9% Carbon dioxide- 0.03% Other gases- 0.17%
Which gas reacts with MOST metals
Oxygen
Test for oxygen
glowing splint relights
Oxygen molecule
Formed by two atoms
Metal + Oxygen —>
Metal oxide
Rust is
Iron Oxide
How does rust compare with iron
It has poorer chemical properties
Best conditions for rust to form
Water and Oxygen
Metal + Water —>
Metal hydroxide + hydrogen
Metal + Acid —>
Salt + Hydrogen
Metal oxide + acid —>
Salt + Water
Metal carbonate + acid
Salt + Carbon dioxide + water
Salt
A compound formed from neutralisation
Laboratory acids
Nitric Acid- HNO3
Sulphuric Acid- H₂SO₄
Hydrochloric Acid- HCl
Test for hydrogen
Lit splint goes out with a pop
Test for carbon dioxide
Lime water turns milky cloudy
What affects the reaction of metal with an acid
Amount of acid
Temperature
Concentration of acid
Displacement Reaction
A reaction in which a more reactive element desplaces a less reactive element from it’s compound
Law of conservation of mass
Mass can’t be created or destroyed
Combustion Reaction
Fuel(Hydrocarbon) + Oxygen —> Carbon dioxide + water + (light + heat)
Metal Properties
Magnetic, good conductor, shiny, dense, ductile
What is the reactivity series
A list that orders elements from most to least reactive
A chemical reaction has taken place when..
Bubbling/fizz, change in colour, heat is given off
How is carbon used to displace metals
Carbon is added to a compound and heated up in a blast furnace. It then displaces the compound
