PART 5 - HP - PT -fr Sir Ed Flashcards
Used as alternative fixatives for cytological smears
that contains PVP, alcohol and polymers
Hair spray
Used as alternative fixatives for cytological smears
that contains high sugar content, viscosity and antimicrobial properties
Corn syrup & Honey
Other alternative:
✓ Spray cans of alcohol
✓ Methanol and 95% ethanol
The best method for routine cytologic examination:
Papanicolaou method
The 2nd best method for routine cytologic examination:
Phase-contrast microscopy
Components of Pap Stain
A nuclear stain (basic)
Hematoxylin
Counterstains for Pap Stain
-cytoplasmic stain (acidic)
-Staining mature cells (Mature superficial cells).
- Stains keratin (bright intense orange) and was originally used to stain the small cells of keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma present in sputum
Orange Green-6 (OG-6)
Counterstains for Pap Stain
a mordant, strongly binds to protein and helps to intensify the color achieved.
Phosphotungstic acid
Counterstains for Pap Stain
-cytoplasmic stain (acidic)
- Staining immature cells (Intermediate and parabasal cells)
Eosin Azure-50 (EA-50)
component of Eosin Azure-50 (EA-50)
that Stains the superficial epithelial squamous cells, nucleoli, cilia, and RBCs
Eosin Y stains
component of Eosin Azure-50 (EA-50)
that Stains the cytoplasm of other cells, including non-keratinized squamous
cells; Quite expensive and difficult to obtain
Light Green SF yellowish
Alternative: Fast Green FCF (produces visually different results)
component of Eosin Azure-50 (EA-50)
that Stains nothing and in contemporary formulations it is often omitted.
Bismarck brown
Not recommended for cytologic smears because it is intensely stained by the basic Light Green counterstain of Papanicolaou method:
Egg albumin
Two major methods used to obtain high-quality respiratory tract specimens from patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) but a sputum-scarce or smear-negative status:
BAL and BW (Bronchial washing)
what spx is used to performed in patients with AIDS to rule out P. jirovecii (carinii):
BAL (Bronchoalveolar Lavage)
In vaginal hormonal cytology, the smears are taken from the:
Upper lateral third of the vaginal wall
Cervical mucus exhibits “palm-leaf” pattern:
Ferning phenomenon
Ferning phenomenon occurs?
✓ This occurs because of Salt crystal formation
✓ It indicates high persistence of Estrogen
✓ Used as a basis for Early pregnancy
▪ Advantages of Liquid-based cytology (LBC)
✓ Cleaner background
✓ Less time required to read the slide
✓ Increased sensitivity and specificity
✓ Improved sample quality and reduced unsatisfactory samples
Tiny pieces of unrelated tissue that can interfere with biopsy interpretation:
Floaters
Floaters
✓ Originate from:
-Other patients’ samples
-Laboratory personnel
-Environmental sources
-Previous biopsy samples
Floaters lead to?
-Misdiagnosis
-Incorrect staging
-Unnecessary treatments
-Delayed or missed diagnosis
Resolution for the floated normal lungs:
Cover the lungs with several layers of gauze
Best fixative for EM and IHC
Karnovsky’s Paraformaldehyde-Glutaraldehyde
Excellent fixative for Glycogen preservation
Alcohol
