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HISTOPATHOLOGY > PART 5 - HP - PT -fr Sir Ed > Flashcards

PART 5 - HP - PT -fr Sir Ed Flashcards

1
Q

Used as alternative fixatives for cytological smears

that contains PVP, alcohol and polymers

A

Hair spray

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2
Q

Used as alternative fixatives for cytological smears

that contains high sugar content, viscosity and antimicrobial properties

A

Corn syrup & Honey

Other alternative:
✓ Spray cans of alcohol
✓ Methanol and 95% ethanol

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3
Q

The best method for routine cytologic examination:

A

Papanicolaou method

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4
Q

The 2nd best method for routine cytologic examination:

A

Phase-contrast microscopy

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5
Q

Components of Pap Stain

A nuclear stain (basic)

A

Hematoxylin

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6
Q

Counterstains for Pap Stain

-cytoplasmic stain (acidic)
-Staining mature cells (Mature superficial cells).
- Stains keratin (bright intense orange) and was originally used to stain the small cells of keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma present in sputum

A

Orange Green-6 (OG-6)

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7
Q

Counterstains for Pap Stain

a mordant, strongly binds to protein and helps to intensify the color achieved.

A

Phosphotungstic acid

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8
Q

Counterstains for Pap Stain

-cytoplasmic stain (acidic)
- Staining immature cells (Intermediate and parabasal cells)

A

Eosin Azure-50 (EA-50)

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9
Q

component of Eosin Azure-50 (EA-50)

that Stains the superficial epithelial squamous cells, nucleoli, cilia, and RBCs

A

Eosin Y stains

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10
Q

component of Eosin Azure-50 (EA-50)

that Stains the cytoplasm of other cells, including non-keratinized squamous
cells; Quite expensive and difficult to obtain

A

Light Green SF yellowish

Alternative: Fast Green FCF (produces visually different results)

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11
Q

component of Eosin Azure-50 (EA-50)

that Stains nothing and in contemporary formulations it is often omitted.

A

Bismarck brown

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12
Q

Not recommended for cytologic smears because it is intensely stained by the basic Light Green counterstain of Papanicolaou method:

A

Egg albumin

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13
Q

Two major methods used to obtain high-quality respiratory tract specimens from patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) but a sputum-scarce or smear-negative status:

A

BAL and BW (Bronchial washing)

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14
Q

Usually performed in patients with AIDS to rule out P. jirovecii (carinii):

A

BAL (Bronchoalveolar Lavage)

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15
Q

In vaginal hormonal cytology, the smears are taken from the:

A

Upper lateral third of the vaginal wall

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16
Q

Cervical mucus exhibits “palm-leaf” pattern:

A

Ferning phenomenon

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17
Q

Ferning phenomenon occurs?

A

✓ This occurs because of Salt crystal formation
✓ It indicates high persistence of Estrogen
✓ Used as a basis for Early pregnancy

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18
Q

▪ Advantages of Liquid-based cytology (LBC)

A

✓ Cleaner background
✓ Less time required to read the slide
✓ Increased sensitivity and specificity
✓ Improved sample quality and reduced unsatisfactory samples

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19
Q

Tiny pieces of unrelated tissue that can interfere with biopsy interpretation:

A

Floaters

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20
Q

Floaters
✓ Originate from:

A

-Other patients’ samples
-Laboratory personnel
-Environmental sources
-Previous biopsy samples

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21
Q

Floaters lead to?

A

-Misdiagnosis
-Incorrect staging
-Unnecessary treatments
-Delayed or missed diagnosis

22
Q

Resolution for the floated normal lungs:

A

Cover the lungs with several layers of gauze

23
Q

Best fixative for EM and IHC

A

Karnovsky’s Paraformaldehyde-Glutaraldehyde

24
Q

Excellent fixative for Glycogen preservation

A

Alcohol

25
Q

Best decalcifying agent for cellular preservation and staining:

A

Formic Acid

26
Q

Best dehydrating agent; most common:

A

Ethanol

27
Q

Best dehydrating agent for EM:

A

Ethanol

28
Q

Used as a transition fluid:

A

Propylene dioxide

29
Q

Substitute for Ethanol:

A

Isopropanol

30
Q

The best clearing agent for Microwave Technology:

A

Isopropanol

31
Q

Best embedding medium:

A

Paraffin wax

32
Q

Best Vital dye/Supravital stain:

A

Neutral Red

33
Q

Best stain for EM:

A

Uranyl Acetate

34
Q

Excellent Connective Tissue (CT) fibers stain:

A

Mallory’s Trichrome, Masson’s Trichrome

35
Q

Excellent Nuclear stain:

A

Ehrlich’s Hematoxylin

36
Q

Best honing tool:

A

Belgian Yellow (or Belgium stone)

37
Q

Excellent substitute for hone or stone

A

Plate Glass

38
Q

Best screening marker for Lymphoma:

A

Leukocyte Common Antigen (LCA) / CD45

39
Q

A procedure that relies on the cationic & anionic properties of the material to be stained?

A

H & E staining

40
Q

best fixative for nervous tissue?

A

Formalin

41
Q

disadvantage of Lead fixative?

A

takes up CO2 and causes formation of insoluble precipitate

42
Q

a fixative made up of mercuric chloride stock solution to w/c glacial acetic acid is added just before use?

A

Zenker’s

43
Q

fixative that may cause blindness through its deposition in the cornea if exposure is prolonged?

A

osmium acid

44
Q

What impregnation technique is ideal for tissues that are to be subjected to histochemical and enzyme studies?

A

gelatin impregnation

45
Q

electrical ionization as means to carry out decalcification depends on what?

A

depends on direct current to remove calcium

46
Q

Knives used to cut any type of resin block for electron microscopy

A

Diamond knives

47
Q

Sections that are wrinkled, compressed or jammed may be due to the following faults:

A

-Knife is blunt or dull -
-Paraffin block is warm and soft
-Tilt of knife is too vertical

NOT: Knife is not parallel to the block

48
Q

Component of Mayer’s egg albumin?

A

-Glycerin
-Egg white
-Thymol crystals

49
Q

a type of differentiator that combines with the metal component of the stain thus breaking its union with the tissue or cell component.

A

Acid differentiator

50
Q

Mounting medium that oozed out of the slide should be removed with what?

A

Xylene

HISTOPATHOLOGY (13 decks)

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