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HISTOPATHOLOGY > PART 2 - HP - PT > Flashcards

PART 2 - HP - PT Flashcards

1
Q

most informative type of microscopy because it provides ultra structural details of glomerular basement membrane?

A

EM

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2
Q

H&E Staining End-Color Results

pale pink/red/ LR

A

Proteins in Edema
Cytoplasm

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3
Q

H&E Staining End-Color Results

pink?

A

Decalcified bone
Osteoid
Collagen

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4
Q

H&E Staining End-Color Results

deep pink

A

Muscle Fiber

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5
Q

H&E Staining End-Color Results

purplish pink?

A

Plasma cells
Osteoblast
Basophilic cytoplasm
Calcium
Calcified bone

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6
Q

H&E Staining End-Color Results

bright-orange to red?

A

RBC
Eosinophil granules
Keratin

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7
Q

H&E Staining End-Color Results

dark blue?

A

karyosome

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8
Q

H&E Staining End-Color Results

blue to blue-black

A

nucleus

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9
Q

H&E Staining End-Color Results

light blue to dark blue (ehrlicks hematoxylin)

A

cartilage

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10
Q

Decontamination of SCRAPIE, what to do?

A

Treatment: Immerse the tissue for

48 hrs in FORMALIN

1 hr in FORMIC ACID

48 hrs in FORMALIN

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11
Q

Accidental skin contact with hazardous chemicals, what to do?

A

wash with running tap water (15-30 mins)

never neutralize the sol’n

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12
Q

Eyes splashed with chemicals, what to do?

A

go to nearest eye wash station, use eye warm bottle for 15-30 mins

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13
Q

If an important slide is broken and replacement is not available, the section (if still intact) may be

A

transfer to another slide/ mount on another slide

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14
Q

it permits the entry of fluids into the cells/tses (makes tissues permeable to reagents)

A

a good fixative

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15
Q

Should be packed with cotton soaked in fixative or completely opened before being immersed in adequate fixing solution.

A

fixation of hollow organs: liver, stomach intestines

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16
Q

-most rapid (reduces 25-75% of impregnation time)
-impregnation under negative atmospheric pressure
-reco for urgent biopsies and delicate tissues

A

vacuum embedding

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17
Q

An element, which when added to a dye, forms a combination sometimes called a “lake” which forms a union between the stain and the tissue

A

mordant

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18
Q

Metallic mordants:?

A

“TAIL-CMC”

Tungsten
aluminum
iron
lead

chromium
molybdenum
copper

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19
Q

not a Metallic mordant:?

A

iodine

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20
Q

A mordant in combination with a dye forms a?

or

it combines with the tissue to form an insoluble tse - mordant dye complex)

A

lake

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21
Q

A dye solution that is applied after the primary stain has acted

A

counterstain

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22
Q

Cytoplasmic counterstains- RED?

A

“PEER”

phloxine B
eosin Y
eosin B
rose bengal

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23
Q

Cytoplasmic counterstains- YELLOW?

A

“OPO”

OG-6
Picric acid
Orange green

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24
Q

Cytoplasmic counterstains- GREEN?

A

lissamine green
light green SF

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25
Q

Nuclear counterstains- RED?

A

“CNS”

carmine
Neutral red
Safranin O

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26
Q

Nuclear counterstains- BLUE?

A

“MTCH”
methylene blue
toluidine blue
celestine blue
hematoxylin

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27
Q

most commonly used nuclear counterstain?

A

hematoxylin

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28
Q

most commonly used cytplasmic counterstain?

A

eosin Y

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29
Q

composition of Papanicolaou stain

A

“HOE”

hematoxylin
OG-6
Eosin azure

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30
Q

composition of Papanicolaou stain that stains nuclear structures?

A

hematoxylin

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31
Q

composition of Papanicolaou stain that stains cytoplasm of mature superficial cells?

A

OG-6

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32
Q

composition of Papanicolaou stain that stains cytoplasm of immature cells (Intermediate & parabasal cells)

A

Eosin azure

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33
Q

composition of eosin azure?

A

eosin
Bismarck brown
lithium carbonate
PTA
light green stain (36,50,65)

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34
Q

in Mod. Pap’s, it is omitted because it stains NOTHING

A

Bismarck brown

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35
Q

PAPANICOLAU METHOD OF REPORTING

what class?
-Absence of atypical/abnormal cells
-Normal Cytology
-NORMAL

A

class I

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36
Q

PAPANICOLAU METHOD OF REPORTING

what class?
-atypical cytology but no evidence of malignancy
-26-49% Atypical & normal cytology
-(Infection or inflammation)
-NORMAL & ATYPICAL

A

class II

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37
Q

PAPANICOLAU METHOD OF REPORTING

what class?
-suggestive of but NOT conclusive for malignancy
-Doubtful cytology
-50% undifferentiated cells (Regressive alteration of adult cell)
-SUSPICIOUS

A

class III

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38
Q

PAPANICOLAU METHOD OF REPORTING

what class?
-cytology strongly
-Suggestive of malignancy
-Frankly malignant cytology
-51-75% undifferentiated (Early stage of cancer)
-SUGGESTIVE

A

class IV

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39
Q

PAPANICOLAU METHOD OF REPORTING

what class?
-cytology conclusive for malignancy
-76-100% undifferentiated (With metastasis)
-INDICATIVE

A

class V

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40
Q

Glycogen stains

PAS stains what color?

A

magenta red
bright red
purple

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41
Q

Glycogen stains

The PAS reaction will demonstrate fungi, because the cell wall contains

A

chitin

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42
Q

Glycogen stains

Best Carmine stains what color?

A

bright red

43
Q

Glycogen stains

Control material to be used with best carmine technique can usually found in the

A

liver

44
Q

Glycogen stains

Langhan’s lodine stains what color?

A

mahogany brown

45
Q

Oil soluble dyes

it has the greatest affinity to phospholipids among all the fat stains and gives triglycerides black color

A

Sudan black B

46
Q

Oil soluble dyes

Recommended for neutral fats (triglycerides, lipids)

A

sudan IV
scharlach R
oil red o (ORO)

color: scarlet red

47
Q

Oil soluble dyes

A good stain for the CNS

A

sudan III

48
Q

example of BLUEING AGENTS?

A

1% alcoholic ammonia (ammonia water(
1 % aqueous lithium carbonate
Scott’s tap water
0.2-0.5% Bicarbonate
Potassium or Sodium acetate
Potassium or Sodium hydroxide

49
Q

SPECIFIC STAINS

  1. it stains DNA?
  2. it stains RNA?
A
  1. methyl green (slightly acid pH)
    & Feulgen (sugar)
  2. pyronin
50
Q

SPECIFIC STAINS

stains for muscle striations & demonstrate phosphat?

A

methyl green

51
Q

SPECIFIC STAINS

stains MUCIN?

A

-PAS
-ALCIAN BLUE
-METACHROMATIC DYES (Toluidine blue & azure A)
-COLLOIDAL IRON

52
Q

SPECIFIC STAINS

stains reticulin fibers (argyrophilic)?

A

Gomori’s silver impregnation

53
Q

SPECIFIC STAINS

stains elastic fibers?

A

orcein (brown/DB)

54
Q

SPECIFIC STAINS

most suitable for staining inflammatory cells, bacteria, blood parasites and some spirochetes

A

geimsa stain

55
Q

SPECIFIC STAINS

A technique for demonstrating calcium, wherein sections are immersed in silver nitrate solution are exposed to bright light

A

von kossa

56
Q

SPECIFIC STAINS

The pigment that is formed following a reaction of Ferrous iron from with potassium ferricyanide is known as

A

Turnbull’s blue

57
Q

SPECIFIC STAINS

stains Ferric iron/Ferrous cyanide?

A

Perl’s Prussian blue

58
Q

SPECIFIC STAINS

for acid mucopolysaccharides and is specific for connective tissue and epithelial mucin

A

alcian blue

59
Q

SPECIFIC STAINS

Purpose of crystal thymol or a few drops of chloroform in alcian blue solution?

A

prevent mold formation/growth of microorgs

60
Q

SPECIFIC STAINS

Staining Method for Basic Proteins?

A

alkaline fast green (color green) STAINS the nuleus (histones & protamines)

61
Q

Chemical in the lab associated with bone marrow aplasia

A

Benzene (Clearing agent)

62
Q

agents that are potentially explosives?

A

phenol
picric acid
silver salts
sodium azide
dioxane

63
Q

Explosive when dry or mixed with metals. Toxic when absorbed through skin.

A

picric acid

64
Q

Safe when fresh but explosive when old. Skin, eye and GIT irritant.

A

silver salts

65
Q

Very toxic and fatal if swallowed or absorbed through the skin. Explodes upon contact with metals.

A

sodium azide

66
Q

Corrosive to most metals. Should not be used in tissue processors. Skin and eye irritant and can cause severe GIT problems if ingested.

A

zinc chloride

67
Q

Most commonly used FIXATIVE?

A

10% NEUTRAL BUFFERED FORMALIN

68
Q

Most commonly used FIXATIVE FOR ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (EM) & HISTOCHEMISTRY

A

GLUTARALDEHYDE

69
Q

Most commonly used FREEZING AGENT

A

LIQUID NITROGEN

70
Q

Most commonly used DECALCIFYING AGENT

A

NITRIC ACID

71
Q

Most commonly used DEHYDRATING AGENT

A

ETHYL ALCOHOL / ETHANOL

72
Q

Most commonly used CLEARING AGENT

A

XYLENE

73
Q

Most commonly used IMPREGNATING MEDIUM

A

PARAFFIN WAX

74
Q

Most commonly used MICROTOME

A

ROTARY

75
Q

Most commonly used ADHESIVE AGENT

A

MAYER’S EGG ALBUMIN

76
Q

Most commonly used STAIN IN HISTOPATHOLOGY LABORATORY

A

HAND E STAIN

77
Q

Most commonly used STAIN FOR CYTOLOGY

A

PAPANICOLAOU STAIN

78
Q

Most commonly used MOUNTING MEDIUM

A

CANADA BALSAM

79
Q

REMEDIES FOR BLACK DEPOSITS IN HISTOPATH

MERCURIC CHLORIDE black deposits

A

Remove with ALCOHOLIC IODINE

the process is called DEZENKERIZATION

80
Q

REMEDIES FOR BLACK DEPOSITS IN HISTOPATH

OSMIUM TETROXIDE black deposits

A

Remove with TAP WATER

81
Q

REMEDIES FOR BLACK DEPOSITS IN HISTOPATH

FORMALIN PIGMENT (Acid Formaldehyde Hematin)

A

Remove with PICRIC ACID (most common reagent)

82
Q

it should not be neutralized as this may explode

A

Formalin

83
Q

it is highly explosive when dry

A

Picric acid

84
Q

it may explode upon air exposure

A

Dioxane

85
Q

Metachromatic components?

A

“CECAMM”
cartilage
epithelial muscle
connective tissue
amyloid
mast cell
mucin

86
Q

When examining an H&E-stained bone under the microscope, the technologist notices that there are many dark blue/purple (purplish blue) staining areas. What could this mean?

A

Bone was underdecalcified

87
Q

In H and E staining, insufficient time in the acid differentiator will cause:

A

Under-differentiation

88
Q

Epithelial filament markers:

A

Keratin
Epithelial membrane antigen
Carcinoembryonic membrane antigen
Thyroid transcription factor-1
Prostate specific antigen

89
Q

It is a component of B5 fixative

A

Mercuric Chloride

90
Q

Antigens are most likely to be demonstrated at max sensitivity with what?

A

Frozen sections fixed in acetone

91
Q

What would be proper fixation procedure for a large tissue?

A

Large tissue must be cut into smaller pieces

92
Q

What is the most accurate way to determine the end point of decalcification?

A

Radiography

93
Q

What is the purpose of placing the tissue ribbon in the flotation water bath?

A

To flatten the tissue section

94
Q

Why should gloves be worn when cutting tissues on the microtome?

A

To prevent skin cells from getting on the microscope slide

95
Q

The main difference between progressive and regression staining is the presence of?

A

differentiator

96
Q

characteristics of osmium tetroxide?

A

Used mostly for EM
Fixes lipids
Commonly a secondary fixative

97
Q

Skin tumor biopsies are preserved with what fixative?

A

Heidenhain’s Susa

98
Q

it is an ideal embedding medium for undecalcified bone and other hard tissue

A

methyl methacrylate

99
Q

it is a popular embedding medium for light microscopy that is highly hydrophilic.

A

polyglycol methacrylate

100
Q

Airholes found in the tissue during trimming is due to?

A

Incomplete infiltration

101
Q

Disadvantages of celloidin impregnation?

A

Slow and tedious
Serial sections are difficult to prepare
Very thin sections are difficult to cut

102
Q

When cutting through hard tissues such as thyroid and cervix, the ideal cutting stroke is:

A

Firm, quick stroke

to evenly cut tse

103
Q

A dehydrating agent that is known to be an eye and skin irritant and may cause conjunctival irritation:

A

Tetrahydrofuran

HISTOPATHOLOGY (13 decks)

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