Parasitology Flashcards by Angelica Cejas

Q

Study of Host-Parasite relationship and of parasites that infect humans

A

Parasitology

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Q

any organism that lives in or on the body

of another organism in order to survive

A

Parasite

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Q

any organism that harbors a parasite

A

Host

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Q

refers to the manner in how a parasite successfully enters a susceptible host.

A

Mode of Transmission

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Q

ingestion, inhalation, breastfeeding, insect bite, and sexual transmission are modes of transmission. True or False

A

True

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Q

disease-causing parasites

CHOICES:
Endoparasites, Eosinophilia, Ectoparasites, Non- pathogenic parasites, Pathogenic parasites

A

Pathogenic parasites

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Q

also known as commensal parasites that do not harm the host

CHOICES:
Endoparasites, Eosinophilia, Ectoparasites, Non- pathogenic parasites, Pathogenic parasites

A

Non- pathogenic parasites

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Q

thrive externally on the host. Ex. Lice and fleas.

CHOICES:
Endoparasites, Eosinophilia, Ectoparasites, Non- pathogenic parasites, Pathogenic parasites

A

Ectoparasites

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Q

parasite found inside the body of an infected host. More problematic and require special specimen preparation

CHOICES:
Endoparasites, Eosinophilia, Ectoparasites, Non- pathogenic parasites, Pathogenic parasites

A

Endoparasites

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Q

refers to the increase in eosinophil counts in blood associated usually with parasitism. Act as cellular protectors against parasites.

CHOICES:
Endoparasites, Eosinophilia, Ectoparasites, Non- pathogenic parasites, Pathogenic parasites

A

Eosinophilia

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Q

It eventually degrade and are passed in the stool in the form of Charcot – Leyden crystals

CHOICES:
Endoparasites, Eosinophilia, Ectoparasites, Non- pathogenic parasites, Pathogenic parasites

A

Eosinophilia

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Q

A close association between two organisms that are permanent wherein one cannot exist independently

A

Symbiosis

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Q

A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefitting (neutral)

CHOICES:
Mutualism, Parasitism, Commensalism

A

Commensalism

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Q

A symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of another.

CHOICES:
Mutualism, Parasitism, Commensalism

A

Parasitism

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Q

A symbiotic relationship in which both organisms of different species benefit.

CHOICES:
Mutualism, Parasitism, Commensalism

A

Mutualism

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Q

Cannot survive without a host hence it can’t complete its life cycle without a host

CHOICES:
Temporary Parasite, Accidental/Incidental Parasite, Spurious Parasite, Erratic Parasite, Obligatory Parasite, Facultative Parasite, Permanent Parasite

A

Obligatory Parasite

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Q

may exist in a free-living state or may become parasitic when the need arises

CHOICES:
Temporary Parasite, Accidental/Incidental Parasite, Spurious Parasite, Erratic Parasite, Obligatory Parasite, Facultative Parasite, Permanent Parasite

A

Facultative Parasite

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Q

found in an organ that is not its usual habitat

CHOICES:
Temporary Parasite, Accidental/Incidental Parasite, Spurious Parasite, Erratic Parasite, Obligatory Parasite, Facultative Parasite, Permanent Parasite

A

Erratic Parasite

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Q

Found in a host where it does not ordinarily live

CHOICES:
Temporary Parasite, Accidental/Incidental Parasite, Spurious Parasite, Erratic Parasite, Obligatory Parasite, Facultative Parasite, Permanent Parasite

A

Accidental/Incidental Parasite

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Q

remains on or in the body of the host for its entire life

CHOICES:
Temporary Parasite, Accidental/Incidental Parasite, Spurious Parasite, Erratic Parasite, Obligatory Parasite, Facultative Parasite, Permanent Parasite

A

Permanent Parasite

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Q

lives on the host only for a short period of time

CHOICES:
Temporary Parasite, Accidental/Incidental Parasite, Spurious Parasite, Erratic Parasite, Obligatory Parasite, Facultative Parasite, Permanent Parasite

A

Temporary Parasite

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Q

a free-living organism that passes through the digestive tract without infecting the host

CHOICES:
Temporary Parasite, Accidental/Incidental Parasite, Spurious Parasite, Erratic Parasite, Obligatory Parasite, Facultative Parasite, Permanent Parasite

A

Spurious Parasite

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Q

Where parasite attains sexual maturity

A

Definitive/Final

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Q

It harbors the asexual or larval stage of the parasite

CHOICES:
Accidental/Incidental Host, Humans, Transport Host, Reservoir Hosts, Carrier, Intermediate Host, Paratenic host

A

Intermediate Host

the parasite does not develop further to later stages. CHOICES: Accidental/Incidental Host, Humans, Transport Host, Reservoir Hosts, Carrier, Intermediate Host, Paratenic host

Paratenic host

If there is more than one intermediate host, these can be classified as first and second intermediate hosts CHOICES: Accidental/Incidental Host, Humans, Transport Host, Reservoir Hosts, Carrier, Intermediate Host, Paratenic host

Intermediate Host

widen the parasite distribution and bridge the ecological gap between the definitive and intermediate hosts. CHOICES: Accidental/Incidental Host, Humans, Transport Host, Reservoir Hosts, Carrier, Intermediate Host, Paratenic host

Paratenic host

parasite remains alive and is able to infect another susceptible host CHOICES: Accidental/Incidental Host, Humans, Transport Host, Reservoir Hosts, Carrier, Intermediate Host, Paratenic host

Paratenic host

Parasite-harboring host that is not exhibiting any clinical symptoms but can infect others CHOICES: Accidental/Incidental Host, Humans, Transport Host, Reservoir Hosts, Carrier, Intermediate Host, Paratenic host

Carrier

animals that harbor the parasite CHOICES: Accidental/Incidental Host, Humans, Transport Host, Reservoir Hosts, Carrier, Intermediate Host, Paratenic host

Reservoir Hosts

maybe the most important host in the spread of the disease CHOICES: Accidental/Incidental Host, Humans, Transport Host, Reservoir Hosts, Carrier, Intermediate Host, Paratenic host

Humans

Hosts other than the normal one that is harboring a parasite CHOICES: Accidental/Incidental Host, Humans, Transport Host, Reservoir Hosts, Carrier, Intermediate Host, Paratenic host

Accidental/Incidental Host

For transferring a parasite from one location to another CHOICES: Accidental/Incidental Host, Humans, Transport Host, Reservoir Hosts, Carrier, Intermediate Host, Paratenic host

Transport Host

allow the parasite’s life cycle to continue and become additional sources of human infection CHOICES: Accidental/Incidental Host, Humans, Transport Host, Reservoir Hosts, Carrier, Intermediate Host, Paratenic host

Reservoir Hosts

The following are portal of entry: - Mouth - Ingestion , Intimate oral contact - Skin - Active larval penetration, Introduction of the vector - Intranasal - Transmammary - Transplacental - Sexual True or False

True

Stool, Urine, Sputum, and Blood are some of the portal o exit True or False

True

The three common components of a parasitic life cycle are: * Mode of Transmission * Susceptible host * Diagnostic Stage True or False

``` False (Three Common Components • Mode of Transmission • Infective stage • Diagnostic Stage) ```

Babesia is transmitted through soil transmission. True or False

False (Arthropod/Vector)

Amoeba is waterborne. True or False

True

Ascaris lumbricoides, Hookworm, and Trichuris trichiura are __________

Soil-transmitted

Plasmodium spp., Leishimania spp. are ________

Arthropod/Vector

Taenia spp., Heterophyds, Fasciola are _________

Food-borne

Cyclospora, Giardia lamblia are _____

Water-borne

Trichomona vaginalis and enterobius vermicularis are ______

direct contact

For patients who have taken antibiotics or antimalarial medications, the specimen should be collected 3 weeks after the therapy. True or Falsse

False (2)

Acceptable amount of stool specimen: 2 to 5 g. True or False

True

most common procedure

Stool specimen for Ova & Parasite (O&P)

Determine the color and consistency, Examine the Gross Abnormalities, and Fresh and unpreserved stool.

Macroscopic

Direct wet preparation, Cellophane covered thick smear, and Concentration Techniques

Microscopic

Parasites are measured using an ________

Ocular Micrometer

Largest protozoan known to | humans

Balantidium coli

Largest known intestinal | nematode (roundworm)

Ascaris lumbricoides

Naegleria fowleri is can be seen in ________

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) or Nasal Discharge

Plasmodium spp. is can be seen in ________

Blood

Onchocerca volvulus is can be seen in ________

Skin Snips

Paragonimus wesetermani is can be seen in ________

Sputum

Trichinella spiralis is can be seen in ________

Tissues

Trichomonas vaginalis is can be seen in ________

Genital Secretions

Schistosoma haematobium is can be seen in ________

Urine