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PMLS 1 > Healthcare Waste Management > Flashcards

Healthcare Waste Management Flashcards

1
Q

10-25% = Non-risk or “general” waste (comparable to domestic waste). From administrative, maintenance, and housekeeping functions. True or False

A

False (10-25% = Hazardous and creates a variety of healthcare risk (Also known as Healthcare risk waste))

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2
Q

All the waste generated by healthcare establishments, research facilities, and laboratories

A

Healthcare Wastes

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3
Q

Human tissues or fluids e.g. body parts; blood and other body fluids; fetuses

CHOICES:
Infectious Waste, Pathological Waste, Sharps, Pharmaceutical Waste, Genotoxic Waste, Chemical Waste, Wastes with high content of heavy metal, Pressurized containers, Radioactive waste

A

Pathological Waste

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4
Q

Waste containing radioactive substances e.g. unused liquids from radiotherapy or laboratory research; contaminated glassware

CHOICES:
Infectious Waste, Pathological Waste, Sharps, Pharmaceutical Waste, Genotoxic Waste, Chemical Waste, Wastes with high content of heavy metal, Pressurized containers, Radioactive waste

A

Radioactive waste

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5
Q

Batteries; broken thermometers; blood-pressure gauges; etc.

CHOICES:
Infectious Waste, Pathological Waste, Sharps, Pharmaceutical Waste, Genotoxic Waste, Chemical Waste, Wastes with high content of heavy metal, Pressurized containers, Radioactive waste

A

Wastes with high content of heavy metal

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6
Q

Gas cylinders; gas cartridges; aerosol cans

CHOICES:
Infectious Waste, Pathological Waste, Sharps, Pharmaceutical Waste, Genotoxic Waste, Chemical Waste, Wastes with high content of heavy metal, Pressurized containers, Radioactive waste

A

Pressurized containers

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7
Q

absorbent paper; urine and excreta from patients treated or tested with unsealed radionuclides; sealed sources

CHOICES:
Infectious Waste, Pathological Waste, Sharps, Pharmaceutical Waste, Genotoxic Waste, Chemical Waste, Wastes with high content of heavy metal, Pressurized containers, Radioactive waste

A

Radioactive waste

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8
Q

Waste containing substances with genotoxic properties e.g. waste containing cytostatic drugs (often used in cancer therapy); genotoxic chemicals

CHOICES:
Infectious Waste, Pathological Waste, Sharps, Pharmaceutical Waste, Genotoxic Waste, Chemical Waste, Wastes with high content of heavy metal, Pressurized containers, Radioactive waste

A

Genotoxic Waste

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9
Q

Waste containing pharmaceuticals e.g. pharmaceuticals that are expired or no longer needed; items contaminated by or containing pharmaceuticals (bottles, boxes)

CHOICES:
Infectious Waste, Pathological Waste, Sharps, Pharmaceutical Waste, Genotoxic Waste, Chemical Waste, Wastes with high content of heavy metal, Pressurized containers, Radioactive waste

A

Pharmaceutical Waste

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10
Q

Waste containing chemical substances e.g. laboratory reagents; film developer; disinfectants that are expired or no longer needed; solvents

CHOICES:
Infectious Waste, Pathological Waste, Sharps, Pharmaceutical Waste, Genotoxic Waste, Chemical Waste, Wastes with high content of heavy metal, Pressurized containers, Radioactive waste

A

Chemical Waste

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11
Q

Sharp waste e.g. needles; infusion sets; scalpels; knives; blades; broken glass

CHOICES:
Infectious Waste, Pathological Waste, Sharps, Pharmaceutical Waste, Genotoxic Waste, Chemical Waste, Wastes with high content of heavy metal, Pressurized containers, Radioactive waste

A

Sharps

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12
Q

Waste suspected to contain pathogens e.g. laboratory cultures; waste from isolation wards; tissues (swabs), materials, or equipment that have been in contact with infected patients; excreta

CHOICES:
Infectious Waste, Pathological Waste, Sharps, Pharmaceutical Waste, Genotoxic Waste, Chemical Waste, Wastes with high content of heavy metal, Pressurized containers, Radioactive waste

A

Infectious Waste

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13
Q

The general public and hospital patients are at significant risk of agents spread through other media like sewage

A

Impact of infectious waste and sharps

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14
Q

many cases result from the improper handling of chemicals or pharmaceuticals in healthcare establishments

A

Impact of chemical and pharmaceutical –waste

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15
Q

No scientific publication has yet reported adverse effects on health resulting from mismanagement of genotoxic waste

A

Impacts of genotoxic waste

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16
Q

In any healthcare establishment, nurses and housekeeping personnel are the main groups at risk of injuries; annual injury rates are 10–20 per 1000 workers.

A

Impact of infectious waste and sharps

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17
Q

The only recorded accidents involving exposure to ionizing radiations in health-care settings have resulted from unsafe operation of X-ray apparatus, improper handling of radiotherapy solutions, or inadequate control of radiotherapy

CHOICES:
Impacts of genotoxic waste, Impacts of radioactive waste, Impact of infectious waste and sharps, Impact of chemical and pharmaceutical –waste

A

Impacts of radioactive waste

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18
Q

Requires the registration of waste generators, waste transporters, and operators of toxic and hazardous waste treatment facilities with the EMB

CHOICES:
R.A No. 9003 “Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000”, R.A No. 8749 “The Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999”, Republic Act no. 4226 “Hospital Licensure Act” (1965), Republic Act no. 6969 Än Act to Control Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes” (1990)

A

Republic Act no. 6969 Än Act to Control Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes” (1990)

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19
Q

An act that requires the registration and licensure of all hospitals in the country

CHOICES:
R.A No. 9003 “Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000”, R.A No. 8749 “The Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999”, Republic Act no. 4226 “Hospital Licensure Act” (1965), Republic Act no. 6969 Än Act to Control Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes” (1990)

A

Republic Act no. 4226 “Hospital Licensure Act” (1965)

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20
Q

prohibits incineration of bio-medical wastes

CHOICES:
R.A No. 9003 “Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000”, R.A No. 8749 “The Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999”, Republic Act no. 4226 “Hospital Licensure Act” (1965), Republic Act no. 6969 Än Act to Control Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes” (1990)

A

R.A No. 8749 “The Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999”

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21
Q

mandates the segregation of solid wastes at the sources including households and institutions like hospitals by using a separate container for each type of waste.

CHOICES:
R.A No. 9003 “Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000”, R.A No. 8749 “The Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999”, Republic Act no. 4226 “Hospital Licensure Act” (1965), Republic Act no. 6969 Än Act to Control Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes” (1990)

A

R.A No. 9003 “Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000”

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22
Q

Protection, preservation and revival of the quality of the country’s fresh, brackish, and marine waters

CHOICES:
Presidental Decree 813 (1975) and Executive Order 927 (1983) “Strengthening the Functions of Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA)”, R.A No. 9275 “The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004” , Presidential Decree 856 “The Code on Sanitation of the Philippines – Chapter XVII on Sewage Collection and Excreta Disposal” (1998), Presidential decree No. 1586 “Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) System” (1978)

A

R.A No. 9275 “The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004”

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23
Q

environmental protection and jurisdiction over surface waters of the Laguna Lake basin.

CHOICES:
Presidental Decree 813 (1975) and Executive Order 927 (1983) “Strengthening the Functions of Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA)”, R.A No. 9275 “The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004” , Presidential Decree 856 “The Code on Sanitation of the Philippines – Chapter XVII on Sewage Collection and Excreta Disposal” (1998), Presidential decree No. 1586 “Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) System” (1978)

A

Presidental Decree 813 (1975) and Executive Order 927 (1983) “Strengthening the Functions of Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA)”

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24
Q

Approval of DOH regarding toilets, sewage systems, and septic tanks

CHOICES:
Presidental Decree 813 (1975) and Executive Order 927 (1983) “Strengthening the Functions of Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA)”, R.A No. 9275 “The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004” , Presidential Decree 856 “The Code on Sanitation of the Philippines – Chapter XVII on Sewage Collection and Excreta Disposal” (1998), Presidential decree No. 1586 “Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) System” (1978)

A

Presidential Decree 856 “The Code on Sanitation of the Philippines – Chapter XVII on Sewage Collection and Excreta Disposal” (1998)

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25
Q

requires projects to secure Environmental Compliance Commitment Certificate (ECC)

CHOICES:
Presidental Decree 813 (1975) and Executive Order 927 (1983) “Strengthening the Functions of Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA)”, R.A No. 9275 “The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004” , Presidential Decree 856 “The Code on Sanitation of the Philippines – Chapter XVII on Sewage Collection and Excreta Disposal” (1998), Presidential decree No. 1586 “Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) System” (1978)

A

Presidential decree No. 1586 “Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) System” (1978)

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26
Q

Wastes are minimized even before their generation

CHOICES:
Recover, Dispose, Recycle, Treat, Reuse, Reduce, Prevent

A

Prevent

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27
Q

Implementedbyencouragingproper waste segregation to determine the nature and volume of generated wastes to allow efficient waste management at the least cost

CHOICES:
Recover, Dispose, Recycle, Treat, Reuse, Reduce, Prevent

A

Reduce

28
Q

Either finding a new application for a used material or using the same product for the same application repeatedly.

CHOICES:
Recover, Dispose, Recycle, Treat, Reuse, Reduce, Prevent

A

Reuse

29
Q

Processing of used materials into new products

CHOICES:
Recover, Dispose, Recycle, Treat, Reuse, Reduce, Prevent

A

Recycle

30
Q

(1) energy recovery, whereby waste is converted to fuel for generating electricity or for direct heating of premises and (2) as a term used to encompass three subsets of waste recovery: recycling, composting, and energy recovery.

CHOICES:
Recover, Dispose, Recycle, Treat, Reuse, Reduce, Prevent

A

Recover

31
Q

Processofchangingthebiologicaland chemical characteristics of waste to minimize its potential to cause harm.

CHOICES:
Recover, Dispose, Recycle, Treat, Reuse, Reduce, Prevent

A

Treat

32
Q

Discharging, depositing, placing, or releasing any health care waste into air, land, or water.

CHOICES:
Recover, Dispose, Recycle, Treat, Reuse, Reduce, Prevent

A

Dispose

33
Q

Hazardous wastes should never be mixed with general wastes. True or False

A

True

34
Q

A __________ is needed to be responsible for the management of these wastes.

A

waste management officer

35
Q

Segregation at the source of waste generation should be the responsibility of the waste generator. True or False

A

True

36
Q

__________ is the process of separating different types of waste at the point of generation until their final disposal.

A

Segregation

37
Q

Infectious waste

A

Yellow plastic that can withstand autoclaving with 0.009mm thickness. Labeled “infectious waste”.

38
Q

Pathological and Anatomical wastes

A

Yellow plastic that can withstand autoclaving with 0.009mm thickness. Labeled “Pathological/Anatomical waste”

39
Q

Sharps

A

Puncture-proof container with wide mouth, biohazard symbol, and cover labeled “Sharps”

40
Q

Chemical Waste

A

labeled “chemical waste”. Inside the bin is a disposal bottle made of amber-colored glass with at least 4L capacity that is strong, chemical- resistant, and leak-proof. Plastic has 0.009mm thickness

41
Q

Pharmaceutical Waste

A

Strong leak-proof bin. Liner is yellow with black band plastic with 0.009mm thickness and labelled “Pharmaceutical waste”

42
Q

Radioactive waste

A

Radiation proof repositories, leak-proof, and lead-lined container labelled with name of radionuclide. Orange plastic with 0.009mm thickness and labelled “Radioactive”

43
Q

General Waste

A

Black or colorless plastic for non- biodegradable and green for biodegradable with a thickness of 0.009mm.

44
Q

Anatomical waste should be disposed through safe burial or cremation. True or False

A

True

45
Q

Pathological waste must be refrigerated if not collected or treated within 12 hours. True or False

A

False (24 hours)

46
Q

Highly infectious waste must be disinfected at the source. True or False

A

True

47
Q

Hazardous chemical waste are can be disposed of down the drain. True or False

A

False (Hazardous chemical waste shall never be mixed or disposed of down the drain.)

48
Q

Waste containing Mercury must be collected separately. True or False

A

True

49
Q

Pharmaceuticals shall be kept in their original packaging for proper identification. True or False

A

True

50
Q

Uses heat but in the absence of oxygen in a destruction chamber where the waste is converted to gas, liquid, or solid form.

CHOICES:
Intertization, Encapsulation, Biological Process, Chemical Disinfection, Microwave, Autoclave, Pyrolysis

A

Pyrolysis

51
Q

Steam sterilization (wet thermal disinfection)

CHOICES:
Intertization, Encapsulation, Biological Process, Chemical Disinfection, Microwave, Autoclave, Pyrolysis

A

Autoclave

52
Q

Temperature of 100oC for at least 30 minutes.

CHOICES:
Intertization, Encapsulation, Biological Process, Chemical Disinfection, Microwave, Autoclave, Pyrolysis

A

Microwave

53
Q

Chemicals like sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, peroxyacetic acid, and heated alkali are added.

CHOICES:
Intertization, Encapsulation, Biological Process, Chemical Disinfection, Microwave, Autoclave, Pyrolysis

A

Chemical Disinfection

54
Q

Enzyme mixture to decontaminate wastes.

CHOICES:
Intertization, Encapsulation, Biological Process, Chemical Disinfection, Microwave, Autoclave, Pyrolysis

A

Biological Process

55
Q

Filling of containers with waste and sealing the containers.

CHOICES:
Intertization, Encapsulation, Biological Process, Chemical Disinfection, Microwave, Autoclave, Pyrolysis

A

Encapsulation

56
Q

Suitable for pharmaceutical waste that involves the mixing of waste with cement and other substances before disposal.

CHOICES:
Intertization, Encapsulation, Biological Process, Chemical Disinfection, Microwave, Autoclave, Pyrolysis

A

Intertization

57
Q

The pharmaceuticals are grounded up, and a mixture of water, lime, and cement will be added. The homogenous mass can be transported to a storage site or poured in a landfill. Relatively inexpensive procedure.

CHOICES:
Intertization, Encapsulation, Biological Process, Chemical Disinfection, Microwave, Autoclave, Pyrolysis

A

Intertization

58
Q

Uses either cubic boxes made of high-density polyethylene or metallic drums, that are three-quarters filled with sharps, or chemicals, or pharmaceutical residues. Then filled up with a medium such as plastic foam, bituminous sand, and cement mortar to immobilize. It is then disposed in a landfill.

CHOICES:
Intertization, Encapsulation, Biological Process, Chemical Disinfection, Microwave, Autoclave, Pyrolysis

A

Encapsulation

59
Q

Resulting by-product is put through an extruder to remove water.

CHOICES:
Intertization, Encapsulation, Biological Process, Chemical Disinfection, Microwave, Autoclave, Pyrolysis

A

Biological Process

60
Q

Recommendation is bleach (sodium hypochlorite) with 5% concentration be used. Disadvantage of this method is that it generates chemical wastes.

CHOICES:
Intertization, Encapsulation, Biological Process, Chemical Disinfection, Microwave, Autoclave, Pyrolysis

A

Chemical Disinfection

61
Q

Microorganisms are destroyed by moist heat which irreversibly coagulates and denatures enzymes and structural proteins.

CHOICES:
Intertization, Encapsulation, Biological Process, Chemical Disinfection, Microwave, Autoclave, Pyrolysis

A

Microwave

62
Q

Usual setting is 121oC with a pressure of 15 psi for 15 to 30 mins. Indicators are used such as color-changing tapes or biological test ampules containing bacterial spores to check validity.

CHOICES:
Intertization, Encapsulation, Biological Process, Chemical Disinfection, Microwave, Autoclave, Pyrolysis

A

Autoclave

63
Q

Residues may be in the form of greasy aggregates or slugs,recoverable metals, or carbon black. These are then disposed in a landfill

CHOICES:
Intertization, Encapsulation, Biological Process, Chemical Disinfection, Microwave, Autoclave, Pyrolysis

A

Pyrolysis

64
Q

An engineered site designed to keep waste isolated from the environment.

A

Landfil

65
Q

If no access to landfills, disposal is usually done through safe burial. True or False

A

True

PMLS 1 (23 decks)

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