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PMLS 1 > Introduction to Microbiology > Flashcards

Introduction to Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Study of microorganisms, or microbes, a diverse group of generally minute, simple life-forms that are too small to be seen by the naked eyes; bacteria, archaea, algae, fungi, protozoa, and viruses.

A

Microbiology

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2
Q

Study of microbial pathogens that are considered health threats to people

A

Clinical Microbiology

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3
Q

Studies the practical application and use of beneficial microorganisms in food processing

A

Food Microbiology

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4
Q

study of protozoans; the simplest and most primitive forms of animal life.

A

Protozoology

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5
Q

study of fungi

A

Mycology

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6
Q

study of bacteria

A

Bacteriology

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7
Q

study of rickettsiae, which are considered traditional organisms between
bacteria and viruses

A

Rickettsiology

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8
Q

study of virus

A

Virology

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9
Q

His studies of the mode of syphilis transmission are an early example of epidemiology.

CHOICES:
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek,Girolamo Fracastoro, Robert Koch, Joseph Lister, Hans Christian Gram, Alexander Fleming

A

Girolamo Fracastoro

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10
Q

Discovered the bacteria, free-living and parasitic microscopic protest, sperm cells, blood cells, parasites, and fungi

CHOICES:
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek,Girolamo Fracastoro, Robert Koch, Joseph Lister, Hans Christian Gram, Alexander Fleming

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

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11
Q

Introduced carbolic acid as a chemical sterilizing agent for surgical instruments. He also said “Bacteria must never gain entry to an open wound”

CHOICES:
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek,Girolamo Fracastoro, Robert Koch, Joseph Lister, Hans Christian Gram, Alexander Fleming

A

Joseph Lister

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12
Q

Known for his development of Gram Stain; a standard technique to classify bacteria and make them visible under the microscope.

CHOICES:
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek,Girolamo Fracastoro, Robert Koch, Joseph Lister, Hans Christian Gram, Alexander Fleming

A

Hans Christian Gram

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13
Q

Discovered Penicillin G (benzylpenicillin).

CHOICES:
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek,Girolamo Fracastoro, Robert Koch, Joseph Lister, Hans Christian Gram, Alexander Fleming

A

Alexander Fleming

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14
Q

He identified the specific causative agent of tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax.

CHOICES:
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek,Girolamo Fracastoro, Robert Koch, Joseph Lister, Hans Christian Gram, Alexander Fleming

A

Robert Koch

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15
Q

with a true nucleus containing the cells’ genetic materials.

A

Eukaryotic cells

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16
Q

without true nucleus and have free-floating genetic materials

A

Prokaryotic cells

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17
Q

It gives shape to the bacteria, composed mainly of peptidoglycan and it determines the gram stain reaction

A

Cell wall

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18
Q

_________ is a special staining method done for those microorganisms that are not staining by simple or Gram staining method particularly the member of genus Mycobacterium.

A

Acid-fast stain

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19
Q

Primary dye - Carbol fuschin -Red (Acid-fast and Non-Acid fast). True or False

A

True

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20
Q

Counter stain - Methylene blue - Blue (Acid-fast), Red ( Non-Acid fast). True or False

A

False [Red (Acid-fast), Blue ( Non-Acid fast)]

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21
Q

Decolorizer - Acid alcohol - Red (Acid-fast), Yellow ( Non-Acid fast). True or False

A

False [Red (Acid-fast), Colorless ( Non-Acid fast)]

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22
Q

What are the 2 dyeing procedures?

A

Ziehl-Neelsen (Hot Stain) and Kinyoun (Cold Stain)

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23
Q

alkaline methylene

blue is used to counterstain in Ziehl-Neelsen procedure only. True or False

A

False (both procedures)

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24
Q

Lipoprotein layer that surrounds the cytoplasm.

A

Cell membrane

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25
Q

site of protein synthesis.

A

Ribosome

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26
Q

Thin semipermeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm of the cell and site of energy production

A

Cell membrane

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27
Q

point of attachment of chromosomes.

A

Cell mesosomes

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28
Q

a special though, dormant, and resistant spore produced by some gram positive
bacteria. Bacillus and Clostridium are the most studied endospore forming bacteria genera.

A

Cell endospore

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29
Q

considered a virulence factor because it enhances the ability of bacteria to cause disease.

A

Cell capsule

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30
Q

Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Bacillus anthracis, and Neisseria meningitidis is a medically important encapsulated bacteria. True or False

A

True

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31
Q

Helps the bacteria to attach the host cell surface. Most of the human pathogens of respiratory tract, urinary tract are attached with its help.

32
Q

______ also act as receptor for bacteriophage.

33
Q

helps motility of bacteria

A

Cell flagella

34
Q

Several flagella attached overall the organism

CHOICES:
Amphitrichous, Peritrichous, Monotrichous, Lophotrichous

A

Peritrichous

35
Q

Single flagellum attached at both ends of the organism

CHOICES:
Amphitrichous, Peritrichous, Monotrichous, Lophotrichous

A

Amphitrichous

36
Q

Several flagella attached at one end of the organism or the other

CHOICES:
Amphitrichous, Peritrichous, Monotrichous, Lophotrichous

A

Lophotrichous

37
Q

single flagellum

CHOICES:
Amphitrichous, Peritrichous, Monotrichous, Lophotrichous

A

Monotrichous

38
Q

The pH level and temperature are factors that may affect the growth of bacteria. True or False

39
Q

contains nutrients and physical growth parameters necessary for the enrichment and growth of microorganisms.

A

Culture media or growth medium

40
Q

can be classified on the basis of composition, consistency, and purpose

A

Bacterial culture media

41
Q

Prepared with agar at concentrations of 0.5% or less. Additionally, it has a soft custard-like consistency.

42
Q

It contains agar at a concentration of 1.5-2.0% or some other, mostly inert solidifying agent. This media is useful for isolating bacteria or for determining the colony characteristics of the isolate.

43
Q

These media contain specific amounts of nutrients but don’t have a trace of gelling agents such as gelatin or agar.

A

Liquid (Broth)

44
Q

Used to grow nutritionally exacting (fastidious) bacteria.
Addition of extra nutrients in the form of blood, serum, egg yolk, etc, to basal medium makes
enriched media.

CHOICES:
Transport media, Storage media, Selective media, Simple media, Enriched media, Differential media

A

Enriched media

45
Q

Media used for storing the bacteria for a long period of time. Examples are Egg saline medium, chalk cooked meat broth.

CHOICES:
Transport media, Storage media, Selective media, Simple media, Enriched media, Differential media

A

Storage media

46
Q

An indicator is placed in a medium; examples are blood, neutral red, tellurite. A particular organism changes the color of the indicator. Blood agar and MacConkey are indictor medias.

CHOICES:
Transport media, Storage media, Selective media, Simple media, Enriched media, Differential media

A

Differential media

47
Q

It supports most non-fastidious bacteria. These media are generally used for the
primary isolation of microorganisms

CHOICES:
Transport media, Storage media, Selective media, Simple media, Enriched media, Differential media

A

Simple media

48
Q

This media favour the growth of particular bacterium by inhibiting the growth of undesired bacteria and allowing the growth of the desired bacteria. MacConkey agar, Lowenstein-Jensen media, tellurite media are examples of selective media.

CHOICES:
Transport media, Storage media, Selective media, Simple media, Enriched media, Differential media

A

Selective media

49
Q

Used when specimen cannot be cultured soon after collection. Examples are Cary-Blair medium, Amies medium, Stuart medium.

CHOICES:
Transport media, Storage media, Selective media, Simple media, Enriched media, Differential media

A

Transport media

50
Q

Classification of culture media based on dispensing

  • Plated
  • Tubed

True or False

51
Q

Gram (+) cocci arranged in pairs or chains, Aerotolerant anaerobes, Some are capnophilic, Catalase negative, and Non-motile

A

Gram positive cocci streptococcus

52
Q

Gram (+) cocci arranged in tetrads or clusters, Facultative anaerobes, Catalase positive, Oxidase Negative, Non-motile, and Grows in 7.5-10% NaCl

A

Gram positive cocci staphylococcus

53
Q

When gram-positive bacteria are shaped like rods, they’re known as ________.

54
Q

Small, round, glistening, dome-shaped, mucoid colonies. Colonies tend umbilicated as they age; alpha hemolytic

CHOICES:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

55
Q

LJ MEDIUM - tan to buff in color, rough, dry, warty, granular “CAULIFLOWER APPEARANCE” - 2 months to grow

CHOICES:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

56
Q

Virulence factor:
• Hemolysin
• Protein p60

CHOICES:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

Listeria monocytogenes

57
Q

Cystine- tellurite blood agar and Tinsdale’s agar o Black colonies with brown halo

CHOICES:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

58
Q

Neufeld Quellung positive

CHOICES:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

59
Q

Slender, slightly curved rod shaped microorganism measuring 0.2 – 0.6 μ in diameter and 1-4 μ in length

CHOICES:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

60
Q

Pleomorphic Gram (+) Bacilli and Non motile

CHOICES:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

61
Q

Clinical Significance: Pneumonia, Sinusitis, Otitis Media, Bacteremia, and Meninigitis

CHOICES:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

62
Q

Virulence Factor: Capsular polysaccharide

CHOICES:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

63
Q

Virulence factor: Diphtheria toxin

CHOICES:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

64
Q

pink mucoid colonies

CHOICES:
Enterobacteriaceae, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Neisseria gonnorhea

A

Klebsiella

65
Q

Small, tan, translucent and raised

CHOICES:
Enterobacteriaceae, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Neisseria gonnorhea

A

Neisseria gonnorhea

66
Q

MacConkey Positive

CHOICES:
Enterobacteriaceae, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Neisseria gonnorhea

A

Enterobacteriaceae

67
Q

selective differential for G- bacilli

CHOICES:
Enterobacteriaceae, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Neisseria gonnorhea

A

Escherichia coli

68
Q

Reduces Nitrate to Nitrite

CHOICES:
Enterobacteriaceae, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Neisseria gonnorhea

A

Enterobacteriaceae

69
Q

Clinical significance: Urethritis & cervicitis, conjunctivitis

CHOICES:
Enterobacteriaceae, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Neisseria gonnorhea

A

Neisseria gonnorhea

70
Q

Glucose Fermenters

CHOICES:
Enterobacteriaceae, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Neisseria gonnorhea

A

Enterobacteriaceae

71
Q 
Disease syndromes
• Enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC)
• Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)
• Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)
• Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)
• Enteroadherent E. coli (EAEC)

CHOICES:
Enterobacteriaceae, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Neisseria gonnorhea

A

Escherichia coli

72
Q

Clinical significance: RTI, Wound infections, UTI, Blood infections, and CSF infections

CHOICES:
Enterobacteriaceae, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Neisseria gonnorhea

A

Klebsiella

73
Q

K. pneumoniae, K. ozaenae, K. rhinoscleromatis

CHOICES:
Enterobacteriaceae, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Neisseria gonnorhea

A

Klebsiella

74
Q

Facultative anaerobes and Oxidase Negative

CHOICES:
Enterobacteriaceae, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Neisseria gonnorhea

A

Enterobacteriaceae

75
Q

________ is a test that provides a clinician with therapeutic guidelines. It indicates which antibiotic is effective in killing the bacteria that has caused the infection or disease.

A

AST or Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

76
Q

Used to determine broth the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), and it yields quantitative results

A

Broth Dilution Technique

77
Q

What technique or method is the following:

  • standard medium : 4mm thick Mueller – Hinton agar (MHA)
  • Standard inoculum size:1.5 x 108 CFU/mL
  • Standard turbidity: 0.5 McFarland standard: 99.5 mL 1% H2SO4 + -.5mL 1.175% BaCl2
A

Disk diffusion Technique (Kirby bauer method)

PMLS 1 (23 decks)

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