Clinical Chemistry Flashcards
concerned with the measurement of levels of chemical components in body fluids for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes
Clinical Chemistry
Contains liquid portion and cellular components of the blood
Whole blood
The fluid portion of an anticoagulated blood
Plasma
Deoxygenated blood and dark red
venous blood
oxygenated blood and bright red
arterial blood
protein produced by liver
fibrinogen
Fluid portion of a clotted blood
Serum
Process of extracting blood
Phlebotomy
Venipuncture - Artery
Capillary puncture - Capillary
Arterial puncture - Carotid Artery
True or False
False (Venipuncture - vein)
Median Cubital Vein is the least preferred site for venipuncture. True or False
False (most preferred)
Application of tourniquet should be no longer than 1 min as it would result in hemolysis. True or False
False (Hemoconcentration)
The orange tube top has a clot activator. True or False
True
Icteric is a light yellow appearance. True or False
False (Dark)
A hemolyzed sample interferes with K and enzyme assays. True or False
True
Breakdown of glucose for energy
CHOICES:
Lipogenesis, Lipolysis, Glycolysis, Glycogenesis, Glycogenolysis, Gluconeogenesis
Glycolysis
breakdown of glycogen into ATP
CHOICES:
Lipogenesis, Lipolysis, Glycolysis, Glycogenesis, Glycogenolysis, Gluconeogenesis
Glycogenolysis
conversion of acetyl-CoA into fatty acids
CHOICES:
Lipogenesis, Lipolysis, Glycolysis, Glycogenesis, Glycogenolysis, Gluconeogenesis
Lipogenesis
breakdown of fats
CHOICES:
Lipogenesis, Lipolysis, Glycolysis, Glycogenesis, Glycogenolysis, Gluconeogenesis
Lipolysis
conversion of non-carbohydrates into glucose
CHOICES:
Lipogenesis, Lipolysis, Glycolysis, Glycogenesis, Glycogenolysis, Gluconeogenesis
Gluconeogenesis
conversion of glucose to glycogen
CHOICES:
Lipogenesis, Lipolysis, Glycolysis, Glycogenesis, Glycogenolysis, Gluconeogenesis
Glycogenesis
lowers glucose level
CHOICES:
glucagon, cortisol, thyroxine, insulin, epinephrine
insulin
raises the glucose level
CHOICES:
glucagon, cortisol, thyroxine, insulin, epinephrine
glucagon
glucose production
CHOICES:
glucagon, cortisol, thyroxine, insulin, epinephrine
cortisol
fat cell lipolysis
CHOICES:
glucagon, cortisol, thyroxine, insulin, epinephrine
epinephrine
it varies with patients that have goiter
CHOICES:
glucagon, cortisol, thyroxine, insulin, epinephrine
thyroxine
Metabolic disease in which blood glucose levels are elevated due to deficiency in insulin secretion or defective insulin action
Diabetes Mellitus
Insulin-dependent and inborne
Type 1 - Diabetes Mellitus
it occurs during pregnancy
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Non-insulin-dependent, adult-onset
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
A condition characterized by low glucose level
Hypoglycemia
Organic substances that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents
Lipids
stored fats
triglycerides
it supports the cell membrane
cholesterol
A condition characterized by hardening and thickening of the walls of the arteries
arteriosclerosis
Building blocks of proteins
amino acids
Class of inherited errors of metabolism
aminoacidopathies
absence of amino acid
CHOICES:
Cystinuria, PKU or Phenylketonuria, Isovaleric academia, MSUD
PKU -or Phenylketonuria
the body is unable to properly break down the amino acid which causes a sweety fruit odor in the urine
CHOICES:
Cystinuria, PKU or Phenylketonuria, Isovaleric academia, MSUD
Isovaleric acidemia
stones form in the kidney
CHOICES:
Cystinuria, PKU or Phenylketonuria, Isovaleric academia, MSUD
Cystinuria
burnt sugar odor in urine
CHOICES:
Cystinuria, PKU or Phenylketonuria, Isovaleric academia, MSUD
MSUD
The most abundant cation among the ECF
CHOICES:
Phosphate, Chloride, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium
Sodium
Regulation of neuromuscular excitability, contraction of heart, ICF volume, H+ concentration
CHOICES:
Phosphate, Chloride, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium
Potassium
↑ K+, ↑ cell excitability (arrhythmia or paralysis)
↓ K+, ↓ cell excitability (muscle weakness)
True or False
False (↑ K+, ↑ cell excitability (muscle weakness) and ↓ K+, ↓ cell excitability (arrhythmia or paralysis))
Major Intracellular cation
CHOICES:
Phosphate, Chloride, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium
Potassium
Major Extracellular cation
CHOICES:
Phosphate, Chloride, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium
Sodium
Major Extracellular Anion
CHOICES:
Phosphate, Chloride, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium
Chloride
99% in bone and teeth and 1% in blood and ECF
CHOICES:
Phosphate, Chloride, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium
Calcium
80% - bone, 20% - soft tissues, 1% - serum/plasma
CHOICES:
Phosphate, Chloride, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium
Phosphate
53% (Bone), 46% (muscle, soft tissues), <1% (Blood)
CHOICES:
Phosphate, Chloride, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium
Magnesium
Major Extracellular Anion
CHOICES:
Phosphate, Chloride, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium
Chloride
Major Intracellular anion
CHOICES:
Phosphate, Chloride, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium
Phosphate
Neuromuscular conduction, enzyme cofactor, and ATPase ion pump
CHOICES:
Phosphate, Chloride, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium
Magnesium
Component of phospholipids, nucleic acids, creatine phosphate, and ATP
CHOICES:
Phosphate, Chloride, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium
Phosphate
high in heart muscle, erythrocytes, & kidney
CHOICES:
LD1 (HHHH) & LD2 (HHHM) , LD3 (HHMM), LD4 (MMMH) & LD5 (MMMM)
LD1 (HHHH) & LD2 (HHHM)
high in skeletal muscle & in liver.
CHOICES:
LD1 (HHHH) & LD2 (HHHM) , LD3 (HHMM), LD4 (MMMH) & LD5 (MMMM)
LD4 (MMMH) & LD5 (MMMM)
seen in the lungs, lymphocytes, spleen, pancreas & brain.
CHOICES:
LD1 (HHHH) & LD2 (HHHM) , LD3 (HHMM), LD4 (MMMH) & LD5 (MMMM)
LD3 (HHMM)
prostate cancer
CHOICES:
CA153, CA125, CA 19.9, Prostate-Specific Antigen
Prostate-Specific Antigen
Breast cancer
CHOICES:
CA153, CA125, CA 19.9, Prostate-Specific Antigen
CA153
Gastric, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers
CHOICES:
CA153, CA125, CA 19.9, Prostate-Specific Antigen
CA 19.9
Ovarian cancer
CHOICES:
CA153, CA125, CA 19.9, Prostate-Specific Antigen
CA125
Tetrahydrocannabinol
CHOICES:
Amphetamines, Ethanol, Codeine, Marijuana
Marijuana
Addiction recognized by: Needle tracks on the user’s arms and hands
Codeine
Increase mental alertness (“Uppers”)
Amphetamines
Most common abused drugs
Ethanol