Clinical Chemistry Flashcards by Angelica Cejas

Q

concerned with the measurement of levels of chemical components in body fluids for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes

A

Clinical Chemistry

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Q

Contains liquid portion and cellular components of the blood

A

Whole blood

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Q

The fluid portion of an anticoagulated blood

A

Plasma

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Q

Deoxygenated blood and dark red

A

venous blood

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Q

oxygenated blood and bright red

A

arterial blood

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Q

protein produced by liver

A

fibrinogen

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Q

Fluid portion of a clotted blood

A

Serum

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Q

Process of extracting blood

A

Phlebotomy

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Q

Venipuncture - Artery
Capillary puncture - Capillary
Arterial puncture - Carotid Artery

True or False

A

False (Venipuncture - vein)

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Q

Median Cubital Vein is the least preferred site for venipuncture. True or False

A

False (most preferred)

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Q

Application of tourniquet should be no longer than 1 min as it would result in hemolysis. True or False

A

False (Hemoconcentration)

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Q

The orange tube top has a clot activator. True or False

A

True

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Q

Icteric is a light yellow appearance. True or False

A

False (Dark)

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Q

A hemolyzed sample interferes with K and enzyme assays. True or False

A

True

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Q

Breakdown of glucose for energy

CHOICES:
Lipogenesis, Lipolysis, Glycolysis, Glycogenesis, Glycogenolysis, Gluconeogenesis

A

Glycolysis

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Q

breakdown of glycogen into ATP

CHOICES:
Lipogenesis, Lipolysis, Glycolysis, Glycogenesis, Glycogenolysis, Gluconeogenesis

A

Glycogenolysis

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Q

conversion of acetyl-CoA into fatty acids

CHOICES:
Lipogenesis, Lipolysis, Glycolysis, Glycogenesis, Glycogenolysis, Gluconeogenesis

A

Lipogenesis

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Q

breakdown of fats

CHOICES:
Lipogenesis, Lipolysis, Glycolysis, Glycogenesis, Glycogenolysis, Gluconeogenesis

A

Lipolysis

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Q

conversion of non-carbohydrates into glucose

CHOICES:
Lipogenesis, Lipolysis, Glycolysis, Glycogenesis, Glycogenolysis, Gluconeogenesis

A

Gluconeogenesis

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Q

conversion of glucose to glycogen

CHOICES:
Lipogenesis, Lipolysis, Glycolysis, Glycogenesis, Glycogenolysis, Gluconeogenesis

A

Glycogenesis

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Q

lowers glucose level

CHOICES:
glucagon, cortisol, thyroxine, insulin, epinephrine

A

insulin

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Q

raises the glucose level

CHOICES:
glucagon, cortisol, thyroxine, insulin, epinephrine

A

glucagon

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Q

glucose production

CHOICES:
glucagon, cortisol, thyroxine, insulin, epinephrine

A

cortisol

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Q

fat cell lipolysis

CHOICES:
glucagon, cortisol, thyroxine, insulin, epinephrine

A

epinephrine

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it varies with patients that have goiter CHOICES: glucagon, cortisol, thyroxine, insulin, epinephrine

thyroxine

Metabolic disease in which blood glucose levels are elevated due to deficiency in insulin secretion or defective insulin action

Diabetes Mellitus

Insulin-dependent and inborne

Type 1 - Diabetes Mellitus

it occurs during pregnancy

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Non-insulin-dependent, adult-onset

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

A condition characterized by low glucose level

Hypoglycemia

Organic substances that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents

Lipids

stored fats

triglycerides

it supports the cell membrane

cholesterol

A condition characterized by hardening and thickening of the walls of the arteries

arteriosclerosis

Building blocks of proteins

amino acids

Class of inherited errors of metabolism

aminoacidopathies

absence of amino acid CHOICES: Cystinuria, PKU or Phenylketonuria, Isovaleric academia, MSUD

PKU -or Phenylketonuria

the body is unable to properly break down the amino acid which causes a sweety fruit odor in the urine CHOICES: Cystinuria, PKU or Phenylketonuria, Isovaleric academia, MSUD

Isovaleric acidemia

stones form in the kidney CHOICES: Cystinuria, PKU or Phenylketonuria, Isovaleric academia, MSUD

Cystinuria

burnt sugar odor in urine CHOICES: Cystinuria, PKU or Phenylketonuria, Isovaleric academia, MSUD

MSUD

The most abundant cation among the ECF CHOICES: Phosphate, Chloride, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium

Sodium

Regulation of neuromuscular excitability, contraction of heart, ICF volume, H+ concentration CHOICES: Phosphate, Chloride, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium

Potassium

↑ K+, ↑ cell excitability (arrhythmia or paralysis) ↓ K+, ↓ cell excitability (muscle weakness) True or False

False (↑ K+, ↑ cell excitability (muscle weakness) and ↓ K+, ↓ cell excitability (arrhythmia or paralysis))

Major Intracellular cation CHOICES: Phosphate, Chloride, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium

Potassium

Major Extracellular cation CHOICES: Phosphate, Chloride, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium

Sodium

Major Extracellular Anion CHOICES: Phosphate, Chloride, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium

Chloride

99% in bone and teeth and 1% in blood and ECF CHOICES: Phosphate, Chloride, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium

Calcium

80% - bone, 20% - soft tissues, 1% - serum/plasma CHOICES: Phosphate, Chloride, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium

Phosphate

53% (Bone), 46% (muscle, soft tissues), <1% (Blood) CHOICES: Phosphate, Chloride, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium

Magnesium

Major Extracellular Anion CHOICES: Phosphate, Chloride, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium

Chloride

Major Intracellular anion CHOICES: Phosphate, Chloride, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium

Phosphate

Neuromuscular conduction, enzyme cofactor, and ATPase ion pump CHOICES: Phosphate, Chloride, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium

Magnesium

Component of phospholipids, nucleic acids, creatine phosphate, and ATP CHOICES: Phosphate, Chloride, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium

Phosphate

high in heart muscle, erythrocytes, & kidney CHOICES: LD1 (HHHH) & LD2 (HHHM) , LD3 (HHMM), LD4 (MMMH) & LD5 (MMMM)

LD1 (HHHH) & LD2 (HHHM)

high in skeletal muscle & in liver. CHOICES: LD1 (HHHH) & LD2 (HHHM) , LD3 (HHMM), LD4 (MMMH) & LD5 (MMMM)

LD4 (MMMH) & LD5 (MMMM)

seen in the lungs, lymphocytes, spleen, pancreas & brain. CHOICES: LD1 (HHHH) & LD2 (HHHM) , LD3 (HHMM), LD4 (MMMH) & LD5 (MMMM)

LD3 (HHMM)

prostate cancer CHOICES: CA153, CA125, CA 19.9, Prostate-Specific Antigen

Prostate-Specific Antigen

Breast cancer CHOICES: CA153, CA125, CA 19.9, Prostate-Specific Antigen

CA153

Gastric, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers CHOICES: CA153, CA125, CA 19.9, Prostate-Specific Antigen

CA 19.9

Ovarian cancer CHOICES: CA153, CA125, CA 19.9, Prostate-Specific Antigen

CA125

Tetrahydrocannabinol CHOICES: Amphetamines, Ethanol, Codeine, Marijuana

Marijuana

Addiction recognized by: Needle tracks on the user’s arms and hands

Codeine

Increase mental alertness (“Uppers”)

Amphetamines

Most common abused drugs

Ethanol