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PMLS 1 > Clinical Chemistry > Flashcards

Clinical Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

concerned with the measurement of levels of chemical components in body fluids for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes

A

Clinical Chemistry

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2
Q

Contains liquid portion and cellular components of the blood

A

Whole blood

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3
Q

The fluid portion of an anticoagulated blood

A

Plasma

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4
Q

Deoxygenated blood and dark red

A

venous blood

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5
Q

oxygenated blood and bright red

A

arterial blood

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6
Q

protein produced by liver

A

fibrinogen

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7
Q

Fluid portion of a clotted blood

A

Serum

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8
Q

Process of extracting blood

A

Phlebotomy

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9
Q

Venipuncture - Artery
Capillary puncture - Capillary
Arterial puncture - Carotid Artery

True or False

A

False (Venipuncture - vein)

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10
Q

Median Cubital Vein is the least preferred site for venipuncture. True or False

A

False (most preferred)

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11
Q

Application of tourniquet should be no longer than 1 min as it would result in hemolysis. True or False

A

False (Hemoconcentration)

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12
Q

The orange tube top has a clot activator. True or False

A

True

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13
Q

Icteric is a light yellow appearance. True or False

A

False (Dark)

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14
Q

A hemolyzed sample interferes with K and enzyme assays. True or False

A

True

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15
Q

Breakdown of glucose for energy

CHOICES:
Lipogenesis, Lipolysis, Glycolysis, Glycogenesis, Glycogenolysis, Gluconeogenesis

A

Glycolysis

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16
Q

breakdown of glycogen into ATP

CHOICES:
Lipogenesis, Lipolysis, Glycolysis, Glycogenesis, Glycogenolysis, Gluconeogenesis

A

Glycogenolysis

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17
Q

conversion of acetyl-CoA into fatty acids

CHOICES:
Lipogenesis, Lipolysis, Glycolysis, Glycogenesis, Glycogenolysis, Gluconeogenesis

A

Lipogenesis

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18
Q

breakdown of fats

CHOICES:
Lipogenesis, Lipolysis, Glycolysis, Glycogenesis, Glycogenolysis, Gluconeogenesis

A

Lipolysis

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19
Q

conversion of non-carbohydrates into glucose

CHOICES:
Lipogenesis, Lipolysis, Glycolysis, Glycogenesis, Glycogenolysis, Gluconeogenesis

A

Gluconeogenesis

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20
Q

conversion of glucose to glycogen

CHOICES:
Lipogenesis, Lipolysis, Glycolysis, Glycogenesis, Glycogenolysis, Gluconeogenesis

A

Glycogenesis

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21
Q

lowers glucose level

CHOICES:
glucagon, cortisol, thyroxine, insulin, epinephrine

A

insulin

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22
Q

raises the glucose level

CHOICES:
glucagon, cortisol, thyroxine, insulin, epinephrine

A

glucagon

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23
Q

glucose production

CHOICES:
glucagon, cortisol, thyroxine, insulin, epinephrine

A

cortisol

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24
Q

fat cell lipolysis

CHOICES:
glucagon, cortisol, thyroxine, insulin, epinephrine

A

epinephrine

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25
Q

it varies with patients that have goiter

CHOICES:
glucagon, cortisol, thyroxine, insulin, epinephrine

A

thyroxine

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26
Q

Metabolic disease in which blood glucose levels are elevated due to deficiency in insulin secretion or defective insulin action

A

Diabetes Mellitus

27
Q

Insulin-dependent and inborne

A

Type 1 - Diabetes Mellitus

28
Q

it occurs during pregnancy

A

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

29
Q

Non-insulin-dependent, adult-onset

A

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

30
Q

A condition characterized by low glucose level

A

Hypoglycemia

31
Q

Organic substances that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents

32
Q

stored fats

A

triglycerides

33
Q

it supports the cell membrane

A

cholesterol

34
Q

A condition characterized by hardening and thickening of the walls of the arteries

A

arteriosclerosis

35
Q

Building blocks of proteins

A

amino acids

36
Q

Class of inherited errors of metabolism

A

aminoacidopathies

37
Q

absence of amino acid

CHOICES:
Cystinuria, PKU or Phenylketonuria, Isovaleric academia, MSUD

A

PKU -or Phenylketonuria

38
Q

the body is unable to properly break down the amino acid which causes a sweety fruit odor in the urine

CHOICES:
Cystinuria, PKU or Phenylketonuria, Isovaleric academia, MSUD

A

Isovaleric acidemia

39
Q

stones form in the kidney

CHOICES:
Cystinuria, PKU or Phenylketonuria, Isovaleric academia, MSUD

A

Cystinuria

40
Q

burnt sugar odor in urine

CHOICES:
Cystinuria, PKU or Phenylketonuria, Isovaleric academia, MSUD

41
Q

The most abundant cation among the ECF

CHOICES:
Phosphate, Chloride, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium

42
Q

Regulation of neuromuscular excitability, contraction of heart, ICF volume, H+ concentration

CHOICES:
Phosphate, Chloride, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium

43
Q

↑ K+, ↑ cell excitability (arrhythmia or paralysis)
↓ K+, ↓ cell excitability (muscle weakness)

True or False

A

False (↑ K+, ↑ cell excitability (muscle weakness) and ↓ K+, ↓ cell excitability (arrhythmia or paralysis))

44
Q

Major Intracellular cation

CHOICES:
Phosphate, Chloride, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium

45
Q

Major Extracellular cation

CHOICES:
Phosphate, Chloride, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium

46
Q

Major Extracellular Anion

CHOICES:
Phosphate, Chloride, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium

47
Q

99% in bone and teeth and 1% in blood and ECF

CHOICES:
Phosphate, Chloride, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium

48
Q

80% - bone, 20% - soft tissues, 1% - serum/plasma

CHOICES:
Phosphate, Chloride, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium

49
Q

53% (Bone), 46% (muscle, soft tissues), <1% (Blood)

CHOICES:
Phosphate, Chloride, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium

50
Q

Major Extracellular Anion

CHOICES:
Phosphate, Chloride, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium

51
Q

Major Intracellular anion

CHOICES:
Phosphate, Chloride, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium

52
Q

Neuromuscular conduction, enzyme cofactor, and ATPase ion pump

CHOICES:
Phosphate, Chloride, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium

53
Q

Component of phospholipids, nucleic acids, creatine phosphate, and ATP

CHOICES:
Phosphate, Chloride, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium

54
Q

high in heart muscle, erythrocytes, & kidney

CHOICES:
LD1 (HHHH) & LD2 (HHHM) , LD3 (HHMM), LD4 (MMMH) & LD5 (MMMM)

A

LD1 (HHHH) & LD2 (HHHM)

55
Q

high in skeletal muscle & in liver.

CHOICES:
LD1 (HHHH) & LD2 (HHHM) , LD3 (HHMM), LD4 (MMMH) & LD5 (MMMM)

A

LD4 (MMMH) & LD5 (MMMM)

56
Q

seen in the lungs, lymphocytes, spleen, pancreas & brain.

CHOICES:
LD1 (HHHH) & LD2 (HHHM) , LD3 (HHMM), LD4 (MMMH) & LD5 (MMMM)

A

LD3 (HHMM)

57
Q

prostate cancer

CHOICES:
CA153, CA125, CA 19.9, Prostate-Specific Antigen

A

Prostate-Specific Antigen

58
Q

Breast cancer

CHOICES:
CA153, CA125, CA 19.9, Prostate-Specific Antigen

59
Q

Gastric, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers

CHOICES:
CA153, CA125, CA 19.9, Prostate-Specific Antigen

60
Q

Ovarian cancer

CHOICES:
CA153, CA125, CA 19.9, Prostate-Specific Antigen

61
Q

Tetrahydrocannabinol

CHOICES:
Amphetamines, Ethanol, Codeine, Marijuana

62
Q

Addiction recognized by: Needle tracks on the user’s arms and hands

63
Q

Increase mental alertness (“Uppers”)

A

Amphetamines

64
Q

Most common abused drugs

PMLS 1 (23 decks)

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