Parasites

Question 1

Which species of Trypanosoma causes African trypanosomiasis?

Answer 1

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

Question 2

What is the primary vector for African trypanosomiasis?

Answer 2

Tsetse fly

Question 3

What happens in the second stage of African trypanosomiasis?

Answer 3

The parasite crosses the blood-brain barrier

Question 4

Which parasite causes Chagas disease?

Answer 4

Trypanosoma cruzi

Question 5

What is the main vector for Chagas disease?

Answer 5

Kissing bug

Question 6

In the chronic phase of Chagas disease, which organ is most affected?

Answer 6

Heart

Question 7

How is Leishmaniasis transmitted?

Answer 7

Sandfly bite

Question 8

Which form of Leishmaniasis is the most severe?

Answer 8

Visceral leishmaniasis (Kala-azar)

Question 9

Which parasite causes Toxoplasmosis?

Answer 9

Toxoplasma gondii

Question 10

Which group is at the highest risk of severe toxoplasmosis complications?

Answer 10

Immunocompromised individuals

Question 11

What is the causative agent of amoebiasis?

Answer 11

Entamoeba histolytica

Question 12

What is the most common clinical manifestation of invasive intestinal amoebiasis?

Answer 12

Dysentery and colitis

Question 13

Name a tapeworm in Helminthic parasites?

Answer 13

Taenia spp.

Question 14

Which drug is commonly used for treating Schistosomiasis?

Answer 14

Praziquantel

Question 15

What is the main transmission route for Lymphatic Filariasis?

Answer 15

Mosquito bites

Question 16

Chagas disease is caused by:

Answer 16

Trypanosoma cruzi

Question 17

What is the primary vector for Chagas disease?

Answer 17

Triatomine bug

Question 18

Which of the following drugs is used to treat Chagas disease?

Answer 18

Benznidazole

Question 19

Which form of leishmaniasis is the most severe?

Answer 19

Visceral (kala-azar)

Question 20

What is the first-line treatment for leishmaniasis?

Answer 20

Pentavalent antimony

Question 21

Which species of Plasmodium is responsible for most malaria cases?

Answer 21

P. falciparum

Question 22

What is the vector for malaria?

Answer 22

Anopheles mosquito

Question 23

Which drug is commonly used for malaria prophylaxis?

Answer 23

Chloroquine

Question 24

A major risk factor for toxoplasmosis infection is:

Answer 24

Contaminated food and cat feces

Question 25

Which drug is commonly used for treating toxoplasmosis?

Answer 25

Pyrimethamine

Question 26

Which type of helminth causes schistosomiasis?

Answer 26

Fluke

Question 27

The main mode of transmission for lymphatic filariasis is:

Answer 27

Mosquito bite

Question 28

Which organism causes amoebiasis?

Answer 28

Entamoeba histolytica

Question 29

What is the primary mode of transmission for Entamoeba histolytica?

Answer 29

Contaminated water and food

Question 30

Which drug is primarily used to treat amoebiasis?

Answer 30

Metronidazole

Question 31

Giardiasis is caused by:

Answer 31

Giardia lamblia

Question 32

Which is a common symptom of giardiasis?

Answer 32

Chronic diarrhea

Question 33

Which drug is the first-line treatment for giardiasis?

Answer 33

Metronidazole

Question 34

Taenia solium and Taenia saginata infections are commonly acquired through:

Answer 34

Consuming undercooked meat

Question 35

What is the most severe form of Taenia solium infection?

Answer 35

Cysticercosis

Question 36

What is the treatment for neurocysticercosis?

Answer 36

Praziquantel

Question 37

Which of the following Schistosoma species primarily affects the bladder?

Answer 37

Schistosoma haematobium

Question 38

What is the primary transmission route for schistosomiasis?

Answer 38

Skin penetration by larvae in contaminated water

Question 39

Which of the following drugs is used to treat schistosomiasis?

Answer 39

Praziquantel

Question 40

What is the causative agent of onchocerciasis?

Answer 40

Onchocerca volvulus

Question 41

What is the vector for onchocerciasis?

Answer 41

Simulium blackfly

Question 42

Which drug is commonly used to treat onchocerciasis?

Answer 42

Ivermectin

Question 43

What is the mode of transmission for lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis)?

Answer 43

Mosquito bites

Question 44

Dracunculiasis is caused by:

Answer 44

Dracunculus medinensis

Question 45

What is the primary mode of transmission for Guinea-worm disease?

Answer 45

Drinking contaminated water containing copepods

Question 46

What is the primary method of control for Dracunculus medinensis?

Answer 46

Filtering drinking water to remove copepods

Question 47

Scabies is caused by:

Answer 47

Sarcoptes scabiei

Question 48

Which symptom is most commonly associated with scabies?

Answer 48

Intense itching and skin rash

Question 49

How is scabies primarily transmitted?

Answer 49

Direct skin-to-skin contact

Question 50

Which of the following is commonly used to treat scabies?

Answer 50

Ivermectin

Question 51

what two drugs are used to treat Chagas disease?

Answer 51

1. Benznidaole 2. Nifurtimox

Question 52

what are the treatments for leishmaniasis? 3

Answer 52

* Pentavalent antimony (Pentostam, Glucantime) * Amphotericin B * Miltefosine

Question 53

Leishmaniasis life cycle

Answer 53

1. sandfly takes blood meal 2. promastigotes phagocytise by macrophages 3. promastigotes turn into amastigotes 4. amastigotes multiply 5. sandfly takes another meal, ingests the parasitised cell 6. amastigotes turn into promastigote in gut 7. divide in gut and turn into proboscis

Question 54

what drugs are used for toxoplasmosis? 2

Answer 54

Anti-folates: 2. Pyrimethamine 3. Sulfadiazine

Question 55

what causes toxoplasmosis?

Answer 55

* Toxoplasma gondii

Question 56

what is trichomoniasis caused by?

Answer 56

trichomonas vaginalis

Question 57

what is trichomoniasis?

Answer 57

genital infection, sexually transmitted

Question 58

types of helmith parasites?

Answer 58

tapeworms - cestodes flukes - cestodes round worms - nematodes

Question 59

what parasites cause tapeworms? 2

Answer 59

- Taenia solium - echinococcus granulosus

Question 60

what parasites cause flukes?

Answer 60

* Fasciola hepatica * Schistosoma spp

Question 61

what parasites cause round worms? 3

Answer 61

* Ascaris * Necator (hookworm) * Trichuris trichiura (whipworm)

Question 62

3 most common soil transmitted worms?

Answer 62

- ascaris - whipworm - hookworm

Question 63

drugs used to treat soil transmitted worms? 2

Answer 63

* Albendazole * Mebendazole

Question 64

life cycle of a worm?

Answer 64

1. adult worm in lumen of small intestine 2. eggs in feces 3. fertilised eggs mature to infective form 4. swallowed by human 5. larvae hatch and invade intestinal mucosa 6. larvae mature in lungs, penetrate alveoli 7. ascend up bronchial tree to throat and swallowed 8. enter small intestine and develop to adult form

Question 65

what parasites cause Teniasis?

Answer 65

* Taenia solium * Taenia saginata

Question 66

what severe symptoms do you get with teniasis?

Answer 66

Severe infection: weight loss, abdominal pain, diarrhoea/constipation, etc.

Question 67

drugs used to treat teniasis?

Answer 67

* Albendazole * Praziquantel

Question 68

what causes (Larval) Cysticercosis?

Answer 68

* Taenia solium

Question 69

what is Neurocysticercosis?

Answer 69

* Cysts localise in the brain * Can be serious: seizures

Question 70

what worms cause elephantiasis? 3

Answer 70

1. Wuchereria bancrofti 2. Brugia malayi 3. Brugia timori

Question 71

drugs used to treat elephantiasis? 3

Answer 71

* Albendazole * Diethylcarbamazine + * Ivermectin with one of the above Inhibitor of arachidonic acid metabolism Microfilariae become more susceptible to innate immune attack

Question 72

what is elephantiasis?

Answer 72

massive accumulation of lymphedema throughout the body; most common cause of secondary lymphedema worldwide Caused by roundworm helmiths

Question 73

what is scabies?

Answer 73

contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite, commonly through sexual contact Burrows into upper layer of skin where it lives and lays eggs