Acute inflammation Flashcards
What is the primary function of exudate in inflammation?
Provide a scaffold for healing and repair
Which complement protein is involved in the early activation of the acute inflammatory response?
C3
What type of chronic inflammation is characterized by granuloma formation?
Granulomatous inflammation
Which of the following mediators is derived from plasma rather than cells?
Kinin system
Which cytokines act as endogenous pyrogens in fever?
IL-1 and IL-6
What happens during “grey hepatization” in pneumonia?
Macrophages ingest dead neutrophils and fibrin
Which of the following is a common cause of chronic inflammation?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Why are abscesses difficult to treat with antibiotics?
They are poorly vascularized
Which of the following best describes the first stage of atheroma formation?
Fibrosis and scarring
Which stage of atheroma formation involves smooth muscle cell migration and extracellular matrix deposition?
Plaque progression
What type of exudate is associated with pus formation?
Purulent
Which bacterial component can trigger macrophage activation and systemic cytokine release?
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
What is the function of nitric oxide (NO) in inflammation?
Vasodilation
What is the main role of the fibrous cap in atherosclerosis?
To prevent thrombosis by covering the necrotic core
Which immune cells are predominantly involved in acute inflammation?
Neutrophils
Which inflammatory mediator is primarily responsible for vasodilation?
Histamine
What is the primary function of cytokines in inflammation?
Mediate and regulate immune responses
Which complement protein is an important opsonin in acute inflammation?
C3b
Which of the following is responsible for fever during inflammation?
Prostaglandins
Which inflammatory mediator increases vascular permeability?
Bradykinin
Which of the following is the first event in the acute inflammatory response?
Vasodilation
Which type of inflammation is associated with granuloma formation?
Chronic inflammation
Which of the following is a systemic effect of acute inflammation?
Loss of appetite
Which of the following best describes an abscess?
Localized collection of pus
Which of the following is NOT a mediator of acute inflammation?
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) (IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine)
What are the five cardinal signs of acute inflammation?
Redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function.
What is the first visible sign of atherosclerosis?
Fatty streak.
What is the role of prostaglandins in inflammation?
They mediate pain and fever.
What is a granuloma?
A collection of macrophages that forms in chronic inflammation.
What is the function of complement C3b in inflammation?
It acts as an opsonin, marking pathogens for phagocytosis.
What is the function of IL-1 and TNF-alpha in inflammation?
They promote fever and systemic inflammation.
What is fibrosis?
The formation of scar tissue when normal tissue cannot be restored.
What is diapedesis?
The movement of white blood cells from blood vessels to tissues.
What is the difference between transudate and exudate?
Transudate is low in protein and caused by fluid imbalance, while exudate is rich in protein and cells, occurring in inflammation.
Which chronic diseases are associated with chronic inflammation?
Atherosclerosis, arthritis, Alzheimer’s disease, and depression.
hat is the difference between congestion and consolidation in pneumonia?
Congestion is the initial stage with fluid in alveoli; consolidation occurs when neutrophils and red cells fill the alveoli, making it solid.
What is the role of fibrin in inflammation?
It forms a mesh that acts as a scaffold for tissue repair.
