Cubital Fossa Flashcards
What forms the floor of the cubital fossa?
Brachialis muscle.
What forms the roof of the cubital fossa?
Skin and superficial fascia.
What are the clinical uses of the cubital fossa?
Venepuncture, blood pressure measurement, arterial access, assessing elbow fractures, and nerve injury.
What are the two main compartments of the forearm?
Anterior (flexor) and posterior (extensor) compartments.
What are the three layers of the anterior compartment muscles?
Superficial, middle, and deep layers.
Muscles of the superficial layer of the anterior compartment?
pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris
Name a superficial flexor muscle that assists in wrist flexion.
Flexor carpi radialis.
What is the main muscle in the middle layer of the anterior compartment?
Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS).
Where do the deep layer muscles of the anterior forearm originate?
From the forearm bones and interosseous membrane.
Name a deep anterior forearm muscle.
Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP).
What nerve primarily innervates the anterior forearm compartment?
Median nerve.
Which nerve supplies the medial part of the flexor digitorum profundus?
Ulnar nerve.
What nerve passes through the carpal tunnel?
Median nerve.
What nerve innervates all muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm?
Radial nerve.
Name a key muscle in the posterior compartment responsible for finger extension.
Extensor digitorum.
What is the anatomical snuff box?
A triangular depression on the lateral aspect of the wrist formed by tendons of extensor pollicis longus and brevis.
What important bone lies in the floor of the anatomical snuff box?
Scaphoid bone.
What artery runs through the anatomical snuff box?
Radial artery.
What joint does flexor digitorum profundus act on?
Distal interphalangeal joint (DIP).
What joint does flexor digitorum superficialis act on?
Proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP).
What muscles contribute to wrist flexion?
All flexors crossing the wrist (e.g., FCR, FCU).
What muscles contribute to wrist extension?
All extensors crossing the wrist (e.g., ECR, ECU).
What muscles cause abduction (radial deviation) at the wrist?
Radial flexors and extensors (FCR, ECR).
What muscles cause adduction (ulnar deviation)?
Ulnar flexors and extensors (FCU, ECU).
Which two muscles perform pronation of the forearm?
Pronator teres and pronator quadratus.
How does pronation work mechanically?
The radius is pulled over the ulna.
Which muscles are responsible for supination?
Supinator and biceps brachii.
Where does the biceps tendon insert to assist in supination?
On the radial tuberosity of the radius.
What is “pulled elbow” (nursemaid’s elbow)?
Subluxation of the radial head from the annular ligament, often in children.
What ligaments stabilise the elbow joint?
Ulnar collateral ligament, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament.
