Block 11 Drugs Flashcards
What class is Ganirelix, and what is it used for?
GnRH antagonist used in assisted reproduction to prevent premature LH surges.
What is the mechanism of action of Ganirelix?
blocks GnRH receptors in the pituitary, suppressing LH and FSH release.
What are common side effects of Ganirelix?
Skin reactions, headache.
What class is FSH, and what is it used for?
gonadotropin used for assisted conception.
What is the mechanism of action of FSH?
stimulates ovarian follicles to grow and mature eggs.
What are side effects of FSH?
Fatigue, headache, nausea, ovarian hyperstimulation, uterine pain.
What class is folic acid, and what is it used for?
B-complex vitamin used to prevent neural tube defects.
mechanism of action of folic acid?
precursor of tetrahydrofolic acid, involved in DNA synthesis and erythropoiesis.
What are common side effects of folic acid?
Nausea, bloating, loss of appetite.
What class is thalidomide, and what is it used for?
immunomodulatory agent used for multiple myeloma and leprosy.
What is the mechanism of thalidomide?
inhibits IL-6 production, starving myeloma cells of growth signals.
What are side effects of thalidomide?
Anaemia, arrhythmias, constipation,
What class is magnesium sulphate, and what is it used for?
anticonvulsant used for preventing seizures in pre-eclampsia.
How does magnesium sulphate work?
Blocks ACh release and inhibits Ca²⁺ influx, relaxing smooth muscle and nerves
What are side effects of magnesium sulphate?
Bone demineralisation, electrolyte imbalance, osteopenia.
What class is labetalol, and what is it used for?
beta blocker used for hypertension in pregnancy and hypertensive emergencies.
What is labetalol’s mechanism of action?
It blocks alpha and beta receptors, lowering blood pressure.
What are labetalol’s side effects?
Bradycardia, dizziness, depression
What class is methyldopa, and what is it used for?
centrally acting antihypertensive used for hypertension.
How does methyldopa work?
Stimulates alpha-2 receptors, reducing sympathetic tone and vasoconstriction.
What are methyldopa’s side effects?
Drowsiness, dizziness, headaches, nasal congestion.
What class is sodium valproate, and what is it used for?
anticonvulsant used to treat epilepsy.
What is the mechanism of sodium valproate?
Inhibits GABA transaminase, increasing GABA, and acts on Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ channels.
What are side effects of sodium valproate?
Abdominal pain, alopecia, anaemia,
What class is oxytocin, and what is it used for?
oxytocic hormone used to induce or support labour.
How does oxytocin work?
Stimulates uterine smooth muscle, increasing intracellular calcium for contractions.
What are side effects of oxytocin?
Nausea, vomiting, arrhythmias,
What class is flucloxacillin, and what is it used for?
narrow-spectrum penicillin used for beta-lactamase staph infections (e.g., mastitis).
How does flucloxacillin work?
Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding PBPs.
Side effects of flucloxacillin?
Nausea, rash, diarrhoea, vomiting.
What class is tetracycline, and what is it used for?
polyketide antibiotic used for H. pylori eradication, chlamydia, etc.
Mechanism of tetracycline?
Binds to 30S ribosome, blocking tRNA binding and protein synthesis.
Side effects of tetracycline?
Angioedema, diarrhoea, headache, purpura.
What class is gentamycin, and what is it used for?
aminoglycoside antibiotic used for bacterial eye/ear infections.
How does gentamycin work?
Binds 30S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis.
Side effects of gentamycin?
Deafness, bronchospasm, dizziness,
What class is ampicillin, and what is it used for?
A penicillin antibiotic for UTIs, otitis media, sinusitis.
Mechanism of ampicillin?
Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis in the final stage.
Side effects of ampicillin?
Nausea, vomiting, rash, diarrhoea,
What class is paracetamol, and what is it used for?
A non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic for mild/moderate pain & fever.
How does paracetamol work?
Inhibits COX-1 and COX-2, reducing prostaglandin synthesis.
Side effects of paracetamol?
Nausea, vomiting, constipation.
What class is testosterone, and what is it used for?
An androgen used for hypogonadism, delayed puberty, and hormone therapy.
Mechanism of testosterone?
Binds to androgen receptors, influencing gene transcription for male traits.
Side effects of testosterone?
Acne, oedema, aggression,
What class is somatropin, and what is it used for?
recombinant human growth hormone used for growth hormone deficiency, Turner syndrome, etc.
Mechanism of somatropin?
Stimulates IGF-1 production, promoting tissue and bone growth.
Side effects of somatropin?
Joint pain, headache, insulin resistance,
