PAR and KT

Question 1

PAR emerged, in part, in response to…

Answer 1

a distrust of traditional postpositivist research

Question 2

PAR typically approached by researchers with _____ and _____ agendas.

Answer 2

• political

- social

Question 3

PAR is a particularly ____ and _____ research process because:

Answer 3

• unique
• emerging
• co-generates knowledge with participants
• results in practical outcomes for participants

Question 4

PAR has been described by Brydon-Miller et al. as…

Answer 4

the sum of its individual terms

Question 5

3 parts to PAR:

Answer 5

• participatory
• action
• research

Question 6

Participatory:

Answer 6

researchers and participants are involved in all phases of the research process

Question 7

Action:

Answer 7

primary goal of the research is to create positive change to address injustices

Question 8

Research:

Answer 8

social process of gathering and asserting knowledge

Question 9

There is no ___ ___ ____ to do PAR studies.

Answer 9

one right way

Question 10

PAR is not a _____ process. It is typically conceptualized as a _____ and _____ process.

Answer 10

• linear
• cyclical
• iterative

Question 11

2 possible processes for engaging in PAR include:

Answer 11

• action research spiral

- five-phase PAR approach

Question 12

Working closely with participants, action research spiral process involves a spiral of cycles that include:

Answer 12

• planning
• acting and observing
• reflecting

Question 13

Specifically with action research spiral, researchers will…

Answer 13

• plan for change
• act and observe with respect to change process and anticipated consequences
• reflect on such processes and consequences
• then re-plan, act and observe again, and reflect again

Question 14

Compared to the action research spiral, the five-phase PAR approach is more _____.

Answer 14

detailed

Question 15

Frisby and colleagues (2005) outlined a five-phase PAR approach that includes:

Answer 15

• setting the research question
• building trust
• data collection
• data analysis
• communicating

Question 16

In the five-phase PAR approach, the 5 phases should be constantly _____ among _____ and _____.

Answer 16

• negotiated
• researchers
• participants

Question 17

There are no specific ____ or _____ that must be used in PAR for data generation and analysis.

Answer 17

• measures

- processes

Question 18

______ are the most common process for generating data within PAR.

Answer 18

interviews

Question 19

Other than interviews, what other processes can be used to generate data within PAR?

Answer 19

• observations
• personal diaries
• photographs
• visual artwork

Question 20

Data analysis in PAR should align with….

Answer 20

• research questions

- processes of data generation

Question 21

PAR provides an opportunity to respectfully engage ______ populations in _____ ____, _______, and _____ research.

Answer 21

• underrepresented
• mutually beneficial
• relevant
• respectful

Question 22

Who might be drawn to PAR? Why?

Answer 22

• those who may be weary of traditional research approaches

- because of it’s defining features

Question 23

Defining features of PAR:

Answer 23

• participatory
• collaborative
• transformative

Question 24

Inherent challenges of PAR:

Answer 24

• establishing and nurturing relationships
• ensuring ongoing participant collaboration
• identifying action

Question 25

What is KT?

Answer 25

- knowledge translation | - sharing research findings, insights, experiences

Question 26

KT is a process that includes the _____, ______, _____, and _____ of knowledge.

Answer 26

- synthesis - dissemination - exchange - application

Question 27

KT is also referred to as:

Answer 27

- knowledge mobilization | - knowledge sharing

Question 28

KT is a ____ process that takes place within _____ system of interactions between _____ and _____ ____ (eg....)

Answer 28

- dynamic - complex - researchers - knowledge users - eg. practitioners, educator, healthcare administrators, patient group

Question 29

4 core elements of KT:

Answer 29

- synthesis - dissemination - exchange - ethically sound application of knowledge

Question 30

Synthesis:

Answer 30

contextualizing and integrating study findings within larger body of knowledge

Question 31

Synthesis examples:

Answer 31

- systematic reviews - narrative reviews - meta-analyses - practical guidelines

Question 32

Dissemination:

Answer 32

- tailoring knowledge exchange to a particular audience | - tailoring both the message and the medium

Question 33

Dissemination examples:

Answer 33

- providing summaries for knowledge users | - delivering educational sessions with patients

Question 34

Exchange:

Answer 34

engagement between researchers and knowledge users

Question 35

Exchange results in mutual learning through:

Answer 35

- planning - producing - disseminating - applying existing or new research

Question 36

Ethically sound application of knowledge:

Answer 36

- putting knowledge into practice | - should be consistent with ethical principles, social values, and legal regulatory frameworks

Question 37

Some _____ exists between the 4 core elements of KT.

Answer 37

overlap

Question 38

2 ways to plan timing of KT activities:

Answer 38

- activities occur at the end of research study | - activities integrated throughout duration of research study

Question 39

KT strategies are tangible strategies used by researchers to...

Answer 39

- synthesize - disseminate - exchange - apply knowledge

Question 40

2 broad approaches to KT strategies:

Answer 40

- traditional approaches | - innovative approaches

Question 41

The 2 approaches to KT are not necessarily ____ ____.

Answer 41

- mutually exclusive | - some cross over between the approaches

Question 42

Traditional KT approaches include:

Answer 42

- publications | - conference proceedings

Question 43

____ ____ ____ are probably the most familiar form of KT strategies.

Answer 43

published journal articles

Question 44

What happens with publications?

Answer 44

- researcher submits manuscript to a journal in hopes of having it accepted for publication - manuscripts often undergo peer-review process - experts in respective fields critically review manuscript

Question 45

What happens with conference proceedings?

Answer 45

- researchers present and discuss their research in person to an audience - provides interaction between researcher and audience

Question 46

Conference proceedings usually is in one of three formats:

Answer 46

- verbal presentation - poster presentation - symposium

Question 47

Innovative KT approaches include:

Answer 47

- arts-based - text-based - media-based - relationship-oriented

Question 48

What happens with arts-based KT approaches?

Answer 48

- using art and performance | - requires researchers to extend beyond traditional training and experiences

Question 49

In arts-based KT approaches, sometimes line between ____ ______ and ____ _____ is blurred.

Answer 49

- data generation | - data presentation

Question 50

Examples of arts-based KT approaches:

Answer 50

- short firm - interpretive dance - ethnodrama - visual art - musical performance

Question 51

3 types of text-based KT approaches:

Answer 51

- narratives - fictional narratives - poetic representation

Question 52

Narratives:

Answer 52

allow researchers to share research through storytelling

Question 53

Fictional narratives:

Answer 53

may reach general public to exchange information

Question 54

Poetic representation:

Answer 54

takes place when researchers transform data into poem-like presentation

Question 55

Media-based KT approaches:

Answer 55

- social media (immediately disseminate findings to general public) - websites developed about research lab (updated info about previous and current research) - development of online tools to serve as resources

Question 56

Examples of media-based KT approaches:

Answer 56

- TED talks | - Canada's National 3-Minute Thesis competition

Question 57

Relationship-oriented KT approaches:

Answer 57

- gatherings of people involved and interested in research | - provide forum to share info and engage with knowledge users

Question 58

Relationship-oriented KT approaches is premised on....

Answer 58

- relationship-building | - interactions between researchers and knowledge users

Question 59

Choice of which KT strategy to use should be driven primarily by....

Answer 59

research question

Question 60

Other important factors that can influence which KT strategy chosen:

Answer 60

- intended audience | - ethically sound strategies

Question 61

Opportunities for KT are...

Answer 61

seemingly endless