Lecture 13 Flashcards
Interviews are often thought to be synonymous with ______ _____.
qualitative research
Interviews are a _____ (and _____) way of understanding _____ _____.
- powerful
- common
- human experience
Interviews enables researchers to understand ….
- participant’s views
- the meanings they attach to their daily lives
Challenges with interviews:
- co-operation is essential
- interviewees may be unwilling or unable to share all the interviewer wishes to explore
- interviewees may have good reasons not to be truthful at times (ex. cause harm to someone)
- interviewer may not understand local language uses or customs (ex. slang, interviewing across cultures, tones)
2 types of interviews:
- one-on-one interviews
- group interviews
Group interviews are aka:
- focus groups
- sharing circles
- talking circles
Group interviews typically have ____ participants.
6-10
Group interviews can be _____ _____ and _____.
- information-rich
- dynamic
Group interviews may be grouped based on factors of …
- importance to study
- age
- gender
- ethnicity etc.
3 structures of qualitative interviews:
- structured
- semi-structured
- unstructured (ie. conversational) (narrative study design)
Structured interviews have a specific _____ and ____ or questions (no ______).
- set
- order
- flexibility
In structured interviews, responses often recorded onto a _____ _____.
coding scheme
In structured interviews, interviewers play a _____ role.
neutral
Structured interviews have _____ _____ and _____ _____.
- balance rapport
- interested listening
In semi-structured interviews, interview guide/protocol has room to discuss topics ____ _____ on the interview guide.
not included
Semi-structured interviews are not intended to _____ every interview.
standardize
Semi-structured interviews have more flexibility than the ______ interview.
structured
In semi-structured interviews, you can follow any …
interesting avenues that emerge during the conversation
Unstructured interviews are ______ with a _____.
conversation with a purpose
Unstructured interviews have _____ interview guide, just a …
- no
- guiding topic for conversational discusion
Unstructured interviews are common in….
narrative research
3 components of the interview process:
- intro
- questioning
- closing
Intro (interview process):
intro to researcher, topic, ethical procedures
Questioning (interview process):
either structured, unstructured, or semi-structured
Closing (interview process):
- focused on regulating emotions (end on positive)
- participants to share final thoughts
- outline of next steps
Interview protocol is used for _____ ____ and ____ ____.
- asking questions
- recording answers
Probe =
little more info
In developing interview questions, _____-_____ questions are important.
open-ended
Interview questions need to be/have:
- open-ended
- exploratory verbs: who, what, where, when, why
- non-directional
- single focus (avoid “and” questions)
Non-directional questions mean…
not too leading, suggesting positive/negative
Single focus questions mean…
- not double barrelled
- don’t ask more than 1 thing
In developing interview questions, _____ and _____ _____ questions are important.
- probe
- follow up
General suggestions for starting questions:
- tell me about…
- describe…
- how do…
- what were…
Open-ended questions does not ….
presuppose which dimension of feeling or thought will be salient for the interviewee
Give examples of open-ended questions.
- how do you feel about…
- what is your opinion of…
- what do you think of…
In Rubin and Rubin’s guidelines for conducting a qualitative interview, what are the 3 types of questions?
- main guiding questions
- probe questions
- follow-up questions
In Rubin and Rubin’s guidelines for conducting a qualitative interview, what is the main guiding question like?
what motivates you to…
In Rubin and Rubin’s guidelines for conducting a qualitative interview, what are the probe questions like?
share a specific example of …
In Rubin and Rubin’s guidelines for conducting a qualitative interview, what are the follow-up questions like?
so, am I right in saying that…
5 types of questions:
- feeling questions
- knowledge questions
- sensory questions
- demographic questions
- time frame questions
Example of knowledge question:
tell me about your understanding of….
Example of sensory question:
what did you see/hear….
Example of time frame question:
how long have you…
Guidelines for interviewing: set the ______ of a ____/______ discussion.
- tone
- kind/interested
Guidelines for interviewing: break the ice with more _____ questions and gradually get more _____.
- general
- specific
Guidelines for interviewing: ask questions intended to _____ earlier statements.
confirm
Guidelines for interviewing: avoid ______ _____ by the respondent.
getting trapped
Guidelines for interviewing: understand the _____ of the respondent.
language
Guidelines for interviewing: guide the conversation around the ______ ______.
research questions
Guidelines for interviewing: frame questions in an ______ way.
understandabble
Guidelines for interviewing: gently probe for ______.
elaboration
Guidelines for interviewing: maintain an interest in ______ _____ that the person actually ______.
- concrete examples
- experienced
Techniques used by the interviewer vary depending on…
the group being interviewed (eg. children)
Skills/techniques of the interviewer:
- seek to understand concerns and outlooks
- be sensitive to the moods and responses of the respondent
- superb listening skills
How to record interviews:
- handwritten notes
- video recording
- audio recording (verbatim transcription)
- usually use multiple approaches
Typical approach to record interviews:
audio + handwritten
Do not _____ all the data before you begin _____.
- generate
- analysis
______ (_____) and _______ go hand in hand.
- collection (generation)
- analysis
Analysis begins….
- as soon as the first data is collected
- still fresh in mind
- might want to alter questions (emergent feature of qualitative research)
