Lecture 5 Flashcards
What is the most important responsibility of researchers?
engaging in ethical research
Ethics policies for research involving humans are focused on…
respecting the rights of study participants and protecting them from harm
Ethics =
respect
Ethics does not =
rules
What is the TCPS 2?
ethical conduct for research involving humans
TCPS 2 is informed by 3 core principles that convey the value of human dignity:
- respect for persons
- concern for welfare
- justice
Define research according to the TCPS 2.
an undertaking intended to extend knowledge through a disciplined inquiry or systematic investigation
Respect for persons recognizes the _____ of human beings and the ____ and _____ that they are due.
- intrinsic value
- respect
- consideration
Respect for persons includes:
- people
- data/biological materials
Respect involves…
considering participant autonomy in research design
Consent is…
- voluntary
- informed
- ongoing
The welfare of a person is the ____ of that person’s _____.
- quality
- experience of life in all its aspects
Concern for welfare means you must attempt to ensure that….
participants are not exposed to unnecessary risks
In order to maximize benefits in concern for welfare, the REB must…
weigh the potential risk against the benefits to study participants
Justice refers to the obligation to treat people _____ and _____.
- fairly
- equitably
Fairness:
- treating all people with respect and concern for their welfare
- not necessarily treating everyone the same
Equity:
no individuals or groups should be neglected or discriminated against in the opportunity to benefit from knowledge generated by research
When might a conflict of interest occur?
when the study places researchers (or their respective universities) in a conflict with their duties related to research, personal, or institutional interests
Name the various people that had interests in Nancy Olivieri’s research.
- Dr. Olivieri
- REB
- pharmaceutical company
- participants
- university
- Hospital for Sick Children
- general public
Consent should be:
- voluntary
- withdrawn at any time
- can also request withdrawal of their data or human biological materials
Researchers must ensure participants’ _____, _____, and ______ consent throughout the research process.
- free
- informed
- ongoing
All research must be reviewed by ____ before the research starts.
REB
REB stands for:
Research Ethics Board
What happened with the ear experiments done on kids at a Kenora residential school?
- testing drugs on kids
- some kids went deaf
Chapter 9 in the TCPS 2 is focused on …
engaging in research with Indigenous peoples
OCAP:
- ownership
- control
- access
- possession
5 types of scientific misconduct:
- plagiarism
- falsification and fabrication
- faulty data-gathering procedures
- poor data storage and retention
- misleading authorship
CCAC:
Canadian Council on Animal Care
CCAC has developed nationally and internationally recognized policy statements for…
the experimental care and use of animals in research
The 3 Rs tenet:
- replace
- reduce
- refine
What is the suggested 4th R?
responsibility
When don’t we need ethics for engaging in research with animals?
- dead animal in the wild
- observation only in natural environment
- including and below the class of cephalopoda (worms, clams, starfish)
