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KIN 209 > Lecture 11 > Flashcards

Lecture 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Which philosophical worldview is often associated with qualitative research?

A
  • constructivism (multiple realities/multiple meanings)

- will often ask the questions that will lead to qualitative design

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2
Q

Defining features of qualitative design:

A
  • generation of non-numerical data
  • smaller sample sizes
  • typically occurs in a natural setting
  • researchers are key instruments
  • research questions/processes are emergent
  • requires researcher flexibility
  • driven more by research questions rather than hypothesis
  • can generate theory (rather than theory testing)
  • interviews, observations etc.
  • themes often generated
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3
Q

Data collection or data generation? Which term is becoming increasingly common with qualitative research? Why?

A
  • data generation
  • emergent nature, working alongside with participants
  • can’t go in and collect info from their brain, you have to work with them to generate the data
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4
Q

Qualitative study designs are also referred to as…

A

qualitative strategies of inquiry

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5
Q

Qualitative study design will guide….

A
  • sampling
  • data generation
  • data analysis
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6
Q

Each qualitative study design has _____ _____, but also ______ across designs.

A
  • unique features

- similarities

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7
Q

Methodological coherence:

A
  • coherence of study, study design

- critical to determine if study is of any quality or not

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8
Q

The big 6 strategies of inquiry:

A
  • narrative
  • ethnography
  • phenomenology
  • case study
  • grounded theory
  • qualitative description
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9
Q

Narrative focuses on the _____ of individuals.

A

stories

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10
Q

In narrative, _____ are used to …

A
  • stories

- bring understanding or meaning to the experiences of individuals

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11
Q

In narrative, individual stories serve as a representation of…

A

broader social experiences

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12
Q

In narrative, stories can be analyzed in ____ _____ or ____ ____.

A
  • great depth

- stand alone

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13
Q

Example of narrative:

A

a study to understand how a group of mature natural body builders resisted the narrative of decline/aging body

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14
Q

Typical methods for narrative:

A
  • in-depth and unstructured/conversational interviews

- may also use observation and journaling

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15
Q

Ethnographers are driven by questions that seek to _____ ______ or ____ _____.

A
  • understand cultures

- cultural groups

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16
Q

In ethnography, researchers focus on…

A

describing and interpreting shared features of a cultural group

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17
Q

Traditionally in ethnography, researchers would ….

A

immerse themselves into the culture

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18
Q

Example of ethnography:

A

a study to explore the culture of long distance bike commuting

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19
Q

Typical methods of ethnography:

A
  • participant observation

- may also use interviews and documents (eg. poetry, art)

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20
Q

Phenomenology is the study of a _____ or a ______ through the exploration of _____ _____.

A
  • phenomenon
  • concept
  • lived experiences
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21
Q

Phenomenology can take a variety of forms including:

A
  • interpretative phenomenological analysis

- empirical phenomenology

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22
Q

Example of phenomenology:

A

a study to describe and interpret the positive body image experiences of women activity involved in pole fitness

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23
Q

Typical methods of phenomenology:

A
  • multiple in-depth interviews

- may also include observations/fieldnotes, diaries

24
Q

Key piece in phenomenology:

A

interviews

25
Q

Difference between ethnography and phenomenology:

A
  • phenomenology: interviews are central

- ethnography: observation is central/primary

26
Q

Bracketing:

A

researcher needs to set aside their own experiences so that they don’t influence the study, type of questions asked, the way you ask questions, the follow up questions asked etc.

27
Q

Is bracketing possible?

A

no, but you can acknowledge them and keep them in check

28
Q

Case study is focused on studying the _____ and ________ of a case within _____ ______.

A
  • complexity
  • distinctiveness
  • important circumstances
29
Q

In a case study, the case or “______ _____” is bound by _____ and ____.

A
  • bounded system

- time and place (eg. people, teams, events)

30
Q

Case studies can be categorized as either:

A
  • instrumental case study
  • intrinsic case study
  • collective case study
31
Q

Instrumental case study:

A

focused on a case to understand an issue

32
Q

Intrinsic case study:

A

focus on the case itself, not necessarily a broader social issue

33
Q

Collective case study:

A

can be instrumental or intrinsic - more than one type

34
Q

Example of case study:

A

a study to examine a high school ice hockey program that was designed to teach life skills and values to players

35
Q

Typically “extensive” methods in case studies:

A
  • interviews
  • visual methods
  • document analysis
  • observations
36
Q

Grounded theory is focused on the ______ and _____ of data to _____ ___ ______.

A
  • generation
  • analysis
  • construct a theory
37
Q

Grounded theory has quite ____ sample sizes (___ participants).

A
  • big

- 50

38
Q

Grounded theory uses ____ strategies, which is…

A
  • iterative

- generating data to analysis and back and forth between them

39
Q

Key for grounded theory:

A

multiple one-on-one interviews

40
Q

Define theory:

A

a general explanation of an event, process, action, or phenomenon

41
Q

Data saturation:

A

researchers have interviewed people until no new knowledge is shared

42
Q

Is data saturation possible?

A

based on the understanding of notion of reality, we can’t reach a level of data saturation

43
Q

Example of grounded theory:

A

grounded theory of PYD through sport

44
Q

Typical methods for grounded theory:

A

one-on-one interviews

45
Q

Qualitative description is used when …

A

researchers want to develop a comprehensive description and summary of a phenomenon or event

46
Q

Qualitative description involves relatively little _______ (compared to other designs).

A

interpretation

47
Q

Qualitative description results in a description of the _______ in “_____ _____”

A
  • phenomenon

- everyday language

48
Q

Qualitative description is often used in areas that are relatively _______.

A

understudied

49
Q

Challenge of qualitative description:

A
  • can take on “hues, tones” of other designs

- draws from other qualitative study designs

50
Q

Example of qualitative description:

A

a study to explore the outcome expectations (and perceived outcomes) by previously sedentary adults who completed a year-long exercise program

51
Q

Typical methods of qualitative description:

A

can take on the “hues, tones” of other designs

52
Q

Name the qualitative study design: Nine community organizations from across
Canada were selected to participate in this study that focused on exploring the role of microgrants (i.e., small grant or sum of money) in enhancing physical activity opportunities for Canadian
adolescents.

A
  • case study

- each of these places bound by place, time

53
Q

Name the qualitative study design: The purpose of this research was to understand
the leisure experiences, and to understand the meaning given to those experiences, of older adults with and without impairments who attended a community-based senior citizens’ recreation
program

A
  • phenomenology

- understand the experiences and meaning given to those experiences

54
Q

Name the qualitative study design: the purpose of this research was to provide a detailed description of the cultural factors that facilitate the participation of Canadian South Asians in cardiac rehabilitation.

A
  • ethnography or qualitative description

- cultural factors and detailed description

55
Q

Name the qualitative study design: using semi-structured interviews and focus groups with youth tennis players, ex-youth players, coaches, and parents, the purpose of this research was to develop a theory of optimal parental involvement in youth sport tennis.

A

grounded theory

KIN 209 (21 decks)

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