Lecture 1 Flashcards
3 components of research designs:
- philosophical world views
- research approach
- research methods
3 research approaches:
- qualitative
- quantitative
- mixed methods
The analogy made for quantitative vs qualitative:
bread vs duck
What are the keywords of qualitative research?
- exploring
- understanding
- subjective
What are the defining features of qualitative research?
- non numerical data
- themes
- open ended interview questions
- small sample sizes (duck)
- emergent and flexible
What are the keywords in quantitative research?
- testing
- objective
What are the defining features of quantitative research?
- numerical data
- closed ended survey questions
- large sample size
- bread (many participants)
Give an example of the quantitative and qualitative sides of a mixed methods approach.
- topic: role of self compassion in athletes’ psychological well-being
- quantitative: statistical relationships among measured variables
- qualitative: athletes’ experiences of self compassion and psychological being
What are the defining features of the mixed methods approach?
- can take many forms (can come simultaneously or staggered)
- more comprehensive understanding of the research problem
- requires expertise in both approaches
Philosophical worldviews:
- a researcher’s set of beliefs and general orientation of the world, that guide his or her actions as they conduct research
- dictates what a researcher believes is knowledge
The term philosophical worldviews is often used interchangeably with:
- philosophical assumptions
- research philosophy
- research paradigms
- ontological/epistemological assumptions
- knowledge claims
What are the 2 types of philosophical worldviews?
- ontology
- epistemology
Ontology:
- what is it?
- general orientation to the world
- belief in the nature of truth and reality
Epistemology?
- how do we get it?
- nature of research
- belief about how we acquire knowledge about truth and reality
What are the 5 philosophical worldviews?
- postpositivism
- constructivism
- transformative
- pragmatism
- two-eyed seeing
Postpositivism:
- single reality
- single objective truth waiting to be discovered
- scientific method
Defining features of postpositivism:
- determinism (cause and effect)
- reductionism (small, testable variables)
- empirical observation and measurement
- theory testing
Constructivism:
- multiple realities exist
- meaning is varied
Defining features of constructivism:
- understanding
- multiple participant meanings (subjective)
- social and historical construction
- theory generation
- subjective
Transformative:
- research needs to be closely connected with politics
- action agenda
- advocate for marginalized people
Defining features of transformative:
- political, advocacy
- power and justice oriented
- collaborative
- change-oriented, reform
Pragmatism:
- solutions to problems
- no commitment to any specific notion of reality
- real world problems
Defining features of pragmatism:
- consequences of actions
- problem centred
- pluralistic (many approaches used)
- real-world practice oriented
Two eyed seeing
- many ways of understanding the world
- some views represented by indigenous knowledge, some by European-driven scienes
Defining features of two-eyed seeing:
- brining together of knowledge from strengths of both worlds
- equitable knowledge systems
- respect, reflection, co-learning
What is the main research approach for postpositivism?
quantitative
What is the main research approach for constructivism?
qualitative
What is the main research approach for pragmatism?
mixed methods
What is the main research approach for transformative?
- quantitative
- qualitative
- mixed methods
What is the main research approach for two-eyed seeing?
- quantitative
- qualitative
- mixed methods
Our worldviews are ______ and can _____.
- not static
- change over time
