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KIN 209 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Science:

A
  • Discovery of knowledge
  • A process of careful and systematic inquiry
  • The formation of a theory that is based on the facts
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2
Q

Research

A
  • a specific method used to discover the knowledge
  • a structured way of solving problems
  • refers to the discovery of facts
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3
Q

How do quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research designs differ?

A
  • Underlying assumptions
  • Types of questions asked
  • Specific methods used
  • Type of data that results
  • Subsequent analysis of the data
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4
Q

Quantitative research keywords:

A
  • generation of numerical data
  • precision = validity
  • objective
  • large sample sizes
  • measurement of variables
  • stats
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5
Q

Quantitative research is best suited to questions related to:

A
  • the testing of theory
  • status on variables
  • differences among groups
  • relationships among variables
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6
Q

What are some commonly measured variables in quantitative research?

A
  • PA
  • BP
  • muscular strength
  • endurance
  • flexibility
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7
Q

When would a quantitative study not require large sample sizes?

A
  • experimental studies
  • requires a great deal of time and resources
  • tests the effectiveness of treatments, programs, or interventions
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8
Q

Qualitative research:

A

based on the generation and interpretation of non-numerical data

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9
Q

3 main sources of data in qualitative research:

A
  • open-ended interviews
  • direct observation
  • written documents
  • increased use of arts-based research methods for data collection
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10
Q

Qualitative research is well suited to ….

A

understanding peoples’ meanings of experience

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11
Q

The design of qualitative research studies are ____ and _____.

A

emergent and flexible

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12
Q

The data of qualitative research studies are collected…

A

in the participants’ natural setting

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13
Q

In qualitative studies, _____ are generated from the data collected.

A

themes

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14
Q

Why is the sample size much smaller in qualitative studies?

A

focus on understanding the complexity of peoples’ experience

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15
Q

The results of a qualitative study can be:

A
  • written in journal articles
  • poems
  • theatre
  • musical performance
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16
Q

Mixed methods research combines….

A

quantitative and qualitative research methods

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17
Q

Name some of the forms that mixed methods research can take.

A
  • Research designs that prioritize either one or both of quantitative and qualitative methods
  • Research designs in which quantitative and qualitative methods are conducted either simultaneously or following the other
  • Programs of research in which both quantitative and qualitative studies are conducted over a longer period of time
18
Q

Mixed methods can be used to answer a ______ research question.

A

broader

19
Q

Mixed methods is used by researchers who see value in…

A

using both quantitative and qualitative data to answer their research questions

20
Q

Give some examples of sources.

A
  • measurement of physiological variables
  • one-on-one interviews
  • arts-based methods
21
Q

Research ____ and _____ employed in a study are linked.

A
  • approach

- methods

22
Q

Philosophical worldview:

A

a set of beliefs related to her or his general orientation of the world and the nature of research

23
Q

Philosophical worldview dictates…

A

what a researcher believes (or doesn’t believe) counts as knowledge

24
Q

2 concepts that align closely with a philosophical worldview are ______ and ______.

A
  • ontology

- epistemology

25
Q

Ontology:

A
  • belief in the nature of truth and reality
  • general orientation to the world
  • whether things exist or not exist
  • what things are
26
Q

Give an example of ontology.

A

if we accept that there is an objective physical reality separate from our own personal existence

27
Q

Epistemology:

A
  • belief about how we acquire knowledge about that truth and reality (and whether we should go about acquiring that knowledge)
  • nature of research
  • the way we know things
28
Q

Give an example of epistemology.

A

valuing personal experience in the quest for knowledge

29
Q

Various types of research depends largely on their _____, rather than simply not understanding a particular method.

A

epistemology

30
Q

5 worldviews:

A
  • postpositivism
  • constructivism
  • pragmatism
  • transformative
  • two-eyed seeing
31
Q

Postpositivism:

A
  • common in kinesiology

- single reality/objective truth to be discovered through research

32
Q

Postpositivism has assumptions of:

A
  • determinsim (cause determine effects)
  • reductionism (ideas can be reduced to small testable research questions
  • reliance on theory to uncover objective reality
33
Q

Constructivism:

A
  • multiple realities
  • meaning is varied and complex
  • subjective
  • socially constructed
  • seek complexity of views
  • qualitative
  • open-ended
  • interactions
34
Q

How do constructivists say that realities are socially constructed?

A

individuals engage with their world and make sense of it based on their own personal, social, cultural, and historical perspectives

35
Q

Give and example of constructivism.

A
  • no distinct set of motions that are similarly experienced by all people
  • instead view the experience of emotions as unique to each individual
  • what you experience as competitive anxiety might be different from what someone else experiences
36
Q

Pragmatism:

A
  • concerned with solutions to problems
  • no commitment to any single notion of reality
  • truth, knowledge, application
  • nature of reality is important, but willing to set those aside in their research
  • incorporate all types of approaches that are appropriate and necessary for their research
37
Q

Transformative:

A
  • connected with politics
  • action agenda to advocate for marginalized peoples
  • reform and change
  • better the lives of the participants involved in the research
  • collaborative
  • mostly qualitative with some quantitative to support
38
Q

Transformative can be looking at inequality based on:

A
  • gender
  • race
  • ethnicity
  • disability
  • sexual orientation
  • SES
39
Q

Two-eyed seeing:

A
  • many ways of understanding the world (some indigenous, some European)
  • bringing together of knowledge
  • no judgement
  • all knowledge systems are equitable
  • sharing
  • respect, reflection, co-learning
  • addresses the needs of the individuals/community
  • diversity
40
Q

Who introduced two-eyed seeing?

A

Mi’Kmaw Elders Albert and Murdena Marshall

41
Q

Describe the analogy of two-eyed seeing.

A
  • one eye seeing strengths of indigenous ways

- other eye seeing strengths of western ways

KIN 209 (21 decks)

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