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A LEVEL PHYSICAL EDUCATION [OCR] > PAPER 3 > ETHICS AND DEVIANCE > Flashcards

PAPER 3 > ETHICS AND DEVIANCE Flashcards

1
Q

BLOOD DOPING

A

> increase in an individuals red blood cell count
higher volume of haemoglobin (hb)
removal of 2 pints of blood

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2
Q

BLOOD DOPING ATHLETE EXAMPLES

A

> endurance athletes

> cyclists

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3
Q

ANABOLIC STEROIDS

A

> increased strength and aggression
longer training periods
able to work harder for longer

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4
Q

BETA BLOCKERS

A

> control heart rate

> keep athletes calm

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5
Q

STIMULANTS

A

> increased alertness

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6
Q

LEGAL SUPPLEMENTS

A 
> accepted by sport admin
> recognised by associations
> increase / enhance sports performance
> not to the extent of PED 
> long term effects on the athlete are unknown
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7
Q

LEGAL SUPPLEMENTS EXAMPLES

A

> vitamins
minerals
energy drinks

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8
Q

LEGAL SUPPLEMENTS ADVANTAGES

A 
ENERGY DRINKS 
> electrolytes that promote hydration 
> contain carbohydrates = extra energy for athlete 
> contain protein = promotes recovery for athlete 
GENERAL 
> increased health 
> increased strength 
> increased training
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9
Q

LEGAL SUPPLEMENTS DISADVANTAGES

A 
> contains traces of banned substances 
> may not contain what the label states
> long term effects are unknown (creatine = digestion problems)
> high sugar content 
> bordering illegal
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10
Q

REASONS ATHLETES USE PERFORMANCE ENHANCING DRUGS

A

> pressure from coaches
coach feels pressure that their athletes must succeed
political pressures
monetary rewards
‘everyone else is taking them or using them’

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11
Q

CONSEQUENCES OF TAKING PERFORMANCE ENHANCING DRUGS

A 
> concept of fair play is damaged
> success of others is questioned
> health issues
> sponsorship struggles
> wider society has become corrupt
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12
Q

STRATEGIES TO STOP THE USE OF PERFORMANCE ENHANCING DRUGS

A 
> WADA = regular testing 
> testing during competition
> winning team 
> top 3 performers
> random selection
> education for coaches
> stricter rules 
> stricter punishments
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13
Q

VIOLENCE

A

intense physical force that is directed towards harming another individual

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14
Q

CAUSES OF VIOLENCE IN SPORT (HOOLIGANISM INCLUDED)

A 
> desire to win
> pressure to win
> alcohol / drugs 
> rivalries (protecting their group)
> acting as agents 
> media tension
> poor officiating 
> diminished responsibility
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15
Q

IMPLICATIONS OF VIOLENCE IN SPORT

A

> sport influences society’s norms

e.g 2010 world cup = increase in domestic violence

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16
Q

ETHICS

A

rules that dictate an individuals conduction and they form a system of rules that groups and societies are judged on and an ethic in sport would be that athletes stick to the spirit of the game

17
Q

DEVIANCE

A

describes unacceptable behaviour within a culture and is any behaviour that differs from the perceived social or legal norm

18
Q

POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS OF BLOOD DOPING (7)

A

> increased blood viscosity
increased risk of heart attack
pulmonary embolism (blood clots or blockage of artery)
cerebral embolism (blockage in the body)
cerebrovascular accident (stroke)
infections and risk of blood borne diseases (HIV)
allergic reactions

19
Q

EROGENIC AIDS

A

external influences that are intended to improve athletic performance

20
Q

STRATEGIES TO PREVENT VIOLENCE IN SPORT

A

> educate performers
control athletes emotions and stress levels
increase punishment frequency
make worse punishments
changing coach or managers approach to competition
law enforcement
increased use of sophisticated policing methods to help prevent spectator violence

21
Q

GAMBLING IN SPORT

A

in the uk it is legal to gamble or bet on sports events

22
Q

MATCH FIXING

A

when a sports competition is played to a completely or partly pre-determined result
> against the law
> match fixing requires contracts to be made between corrupt players, coaches and team officials

23
Q

SPORT FIXING

A

when a specific aspect of a sports competition is illegally pre-determined

24
Q

EXAMPLES OF SPORT FIXING

A

a cricket bowler delivering a wide bowl at a particular point during a game

25
Q

WHERE DID MATCH FIXING START

A

asia

26
Q

WHO IS BLOOD DOPING MOST COMMONLY USED BY

A

endurance athletes and cyclists

27
Q

WHAT IS VIOLENCE

A

intense physical force that is directed towards harming another individual

28
Q

CAUSES OF VIOLENCE IN SPORT (INCLUDING HOOLIGANISM)

A 
> desire to win 
> alcohol / drugs
> rivalries (protecting group)
> media tension
> poor officiating 
> diminished responsibility
29
Q

IMPLICATIONS OF VIOLENCE IN SPORT

A

> sport influences society’s norms

> eg 2010 world cup saw an increase in domestic violence

30
Q

MATCH FIXING EXAMPLE

A

> 2000
south african cricket captain
took £68,000 for match information

31
Q

WHERE DID GAMBLING ORIGINATE

A

ancient roman empire

32
Q

STRATEGIES OF STOPPING THE USE OF ATHLETES USING PERFORMANCE ENHANCING DRUGS

A 
> wada doing regular testing 
> during competition season 
> top 3 performers 
> winning teams
> education of coaches
> punishment

A LEVEL PHYSICAL EDUCATION [OCR] (15 decks)

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