PAPER 3 > ETHICS AND DEVIANCE

Question 1

BLOOD DOPING

Answer 1

> increase in an individuals red blood cell count
higher volume of haemoglobin (hb)
removal of 2 pints of blood

Question 2

BLOOD DOPING ATHLETE EXAMPLES

Answer 2

> endurance athletes

> cyclists

Question 3

ANABOLIC STEROIDS

Answer 3

> increased strength and aggression
longer training periods
able to work harder for longer

Question 4

BETA BLOCKERS

Answer 4

> control heart rate

> keep athletes calm

Question 5

STIMULANTS

Answer 5

> increased alertness

Question 6

LEGAL SUPPLEMENTS

Answer 6

> accepted by sport admin
> recognised by associations
> increase / enhance sports performance
> not to the extent of PED 
> long term effects on the athlete are unknown

Question 7

LEGAL SUPPLEMENTS EXAMPLES

Answer 7

> vitamins
minerals
energy drinks

Question 8

LEGAL SUPPLEMENTS ADVANTAGES

Answer 8

ENERGY DRINKS 
> electrolytes that promote hydration 
> contain carbohydrates = extra energy for athlete 
> contain protein = promotes recovery for athlete 
GENERAL 
> increased health 
> increased strength 
> increased training

Question 9

LEGAL SUPPLEMENTS DISADVANTAGES

Answer 9

> contains traces of banned substances 
> may not contain what the label states
> long term effects are unknown (creatine = digestion problems)
> high sugar content 
> bordering illegal

Question 10

REASONS ATHLETES USE PERFORMANCE ENHANCING DRUGS

Answer 10

> pressure from coaches
coach feels pressure that their athletes must succeed
political pressures
monetary rewards
‘everyone else is taking them or using them’

Question 11

CONSEQUENCES OF TAKING PERFORMANCE ENHANCING DRUGS

Answer 11

> concept of fair play is damaged
> success of others is questioned
> health issues
> sponsorship struggles
> wider society has become corrupt

Question 12

STRATEGIES TO STOP THE USE OF PERFORMANCE ENHANCING DRUGS

Answer 12

> WADA = regular testing 
> testing during competition
> winning team 
> top 3 performers
> random selection
> education for coaches
> stricter rules 
> stricter punishments

Question 13

VIOLENCE

Answer 13

intense physical force that is directed towards harming another individual

Question 14

CAUSES OF VIOLENCE IN SPORT (HOOLIGANISM INCLUDED)

Answer 14

> desire to win
> pressure to win
> alcohol / drugs 
> rivalries (protecting their group)
> acting as agents 
> media tension
> poor officiating 
> diminished responsibility

Question 15

IMPLICATIONS OF VIOLENCE IN SPORT

Answer 15

> sport influences society’s norms

e.g 2010 world cup = increase in domestic violence

Question 16

ETHICS

Answer 16

rules that dictate an individuals conduction and they form a system of rules that groups and societies are judged on and an ethic in sport would be that athletes stick to the spirit of the game

Question 17

DEVIANCE

Answer 17

describes unacceptable behaviour within a culture and is any behaviour that differs from the perceived social or legal norm

Question 18

POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS OF BLOOD DOPING (7)

Answer 18

> increased blood viscosity
increased risk of heart attack
pulmonary embolism (blood clots or blockage of artery)
cerebral embolism (blockage in the body)
cerebrovascular accident (stroke)
infections and risk of blood borne diseases (HIV)
allergic reactions

Question 19

EROGENIC AIDS

Answer 19

external influences that are intended to improve athletic performance

Question 20

STRATEGIES TO PREVENT VIOLENCE IN SPORT

Answer 20

> educate performers
control athletes emotions and stress levels
increase punishment frequency
make worse punishments
changing coach or managers approach to competition
law enforcement
increased use of sophisticated policing methods to help prevent spectator violence

Question 21

GAMBLING IN SPORT

Answer 21

in the uk it is legal to gamble or bet on sports events

Question 22

MATCH FIXING

Answer 22

when a sports competition is played to a completely or partly pre-determined result
> against the law
> match fixing requires contracts to be made between corrupt players, coaches and team officials

Question 23

SPORT FIXING

Answer 23

when a specific aspect of a sports competition is illegally pre-determined

Question 24

EXAMPLES OF SPORT FIXING

Answer 24

a cricket bowler delivering a wide bowl at a particular point during a game

Question 25

WHERE DID MATCH FIXING START

Answer 25

asia

Question 26

WHO IS BLOOD DOPING MOST COMMONLY USED BY

Answer 26

endurance athletes and cyclists

Question 27

WHAT IS VIOLENCE

Answer 27

intense physical force that is directed towards harming another individual

Question 28

CAUSES OF VIOLENCE IN SPORT (INCLUDING HOOLIGANISM)

Answer 28

> desire to win 
> alcohol / drugs
> rivalries (protecting group)
> media tension
> poor officiating 
> diminished responsibility

Question 29

IMPLICATIONS OF VIOLENCE IN SPORT

Answer 29

> sport influences society’s norms

> eg 2010 world cup saw an increase in domestic violence

Question 30

MATCH FIXING EXAMPLE

Answer 30

> 2000
south african cricket captain
took £68,000 for match information

Question 31

WHERE DID GAMBLING ORIGINATE

Answer 31

ancient roman empire

Question 32

STRATEGIES OF STOPPING THE USE OF ATHLETES USING PERFORMANCE ENHANCING DRUGS

Answer 32

> wada doing regular testing 
> during competition season 
> top 3 performers 
> winning teams
> education of coaches
> punishment