PAPER 1 > CARDIOVASCULAR AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Flashcards
PULMONARY CIRCUIT
circulation of blood through pulmonary artery to the lungs and pulmonary vein back to the heart
SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT
circulation of blood through the aorta to the body and vena cava back to the heart
DEFINE MYOGENIC
the capacity of the heart to generate its own electrical impulse, which causes the cardiac muscles to contract
DEFINE DIASTOLE
the relaxation phase of cardiac muscles where the chambers fill with blood
DEFINE SYSTOLE
the contraction phase of cardiac muscles where the blood is forcibly ejected into the aorta and pulmonary artery
DEFINE AORTA
the aorta is the largest artery in the body and the heart pumps blood from the left ventricle into the aorta through the aortic valve `
DEFINE VENA CAVAE
vena cavae are the two largest veins in the body and these blood vessels carry oxygen-depleted blood from various regions of the body to the right atrium of the heart
DEFINE HEART RATE
the number of times the heart beats per minute
DEFINE STROKE VOLUME
the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per beat
DEFINE CARDIAC OUTPUT
the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per minute
PATHWAY OF BLOOD
> vena cavae > right artium > (tricuspid valve) > right ventricle > pulmonary artery > (lungs) > pulmonary vein > (bicuspid valve) > left atrium > left ventricle > aorta > (body)
CARDIAC OUTPUT EQUATION
HR X SV = Q
CARDIAC CYCLE
> atrial diastole
ventricular diastole
atrial systole
ventricular systole
CONDUCTION SYSTEM
> SA node
AV node
bundle of HIS
purkinje fibres
CARDIAC CYCLE AND CONDUCTION SYSTEM
> atrial diastole > ventricular diastole > SA node > AV node > atrial systole > bundle of HIS > purkinje fibres > venticular systole
DEFINE REGULATION
a rule or directive made and maintained by an authority
DEFINE AUTONOMIC
involuntary or unconscious
SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for increasing heart rate (HR)
PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for decreasing heart rate (HR)
DEFINE MEDULLA OBLONGATA
a portion of the hind-brain that controls autonomic functions
DEFINE CCC
Cardiac Control Centre
DEFINE HORMONAL
containing a hormone or hormones
DEFINE VENOUS RETURN
the return of the blood to the right atria through the veins
DEFINE ADRENALINE
a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands that increases rates of blood, circulation, breathing and carbohydrate metabolism and prepares muscles for exertion
DEFINE FIRING RATE
the amount of neurons firing at a giving time
3 COMPONENTS OF NEURAL FACTORS
> chemoreceptors (increase in CO2)
proprioceptors (muscle and tendon movement)
baroreceptors (blood pressure)
COMPONENTS OF HORMONAL FACTORS
> adrenaline (increases HR)
COMPONENTS OF INTRINSIC FACTORS
> temperature
> venous return
5 COMPONENTS OF VENOUS RETURN
> pocket valve > gravity > smooth muscle > skeletal muscle pump > respiratory muscle pump
DEFINE RCC
Respiratory Control Centre
2 CENTRES OF THE RCC
> expiratory centre
> inspiratory centre
EXPIRATORY CENTRE NERVE LINK
intercostal nerve to the external intercostal muscles
INSPIRATORY CENTRE NERVE LINK
phrenic nerve to the diaphragm
3 COMPONENTS OF VASCULAR SHUNT
> vasoconstriction
vasodilation
pre-capillary sphincter
DEFINE VASOCONSTRICTION
when the lumen gets smaller and this limits the blood flow
DEFINE VASODILATION
when the lumen gets bigger and this increases the blood flow around the body
PRE-CAPILLARY SPHINCTERS FUNCTION
open and close to allow blood flow through the capillaries
TEMPERATURE LINK TO VENOUS RETURN
> temperature increases
viscosity decreases
venous return increases
SV (stroke volume increases) = Q (cardiac output increases)
INSPIRATION REST
active
EXPIRATION REST
passive
INSPIRATION EXERCISE
active
EXPIRATION EXERCISE
active