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A LEVEL PHYSICAL EDUCATION [OCR] > PAPER 1 > CARDIOVASCULAR AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM > Flashcards

PAPER 1 > CARDIOVASCULAR AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

PULMONARY CIRCUIT

A

circulation of blood through pulmonary artery to the lungs and pulmonary vein back to the heart

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2
Q

SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT

A

circulation of blood through the aorta to the body and vena cava back to the heart

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3
Q

DEFINE MYOGENIC

A

the capacity of the heart to generate its own electrical impulse, which causes the cardiac muscles to contract

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4
Q

DEFINE DIASTOLE

A

the relaxation phase of cardiac muscles where the chambers fill with blood

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5
Q

DEFINE SYSTOLE

A

the contraction phase of cardiac muscles where the blood is forcibly ejected into the aorta and pulmonary artery

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6
Q

DEFINE AORTA

A

the aorta is the largest artery in the body and the heart pumps blood from the left ventricle into the aorta through the aortic valve `

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7
Q

DEFINE VENA CAVAE

A

vena cavae are the two largest veins in the body and these blood vessels carry oxygen-depleted blood from various regions of the body to the right atrium of the heart

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8
Q

DEFINE HEART RATE

A

the number of times the heart beats per minute

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9
Q

DEFINE STROKE VOLUME

A

the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per beat

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10
Q

DEFINE CARDIAC OUTPUT

A

the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per minute

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11
Q

PATHWAY OF BLOOD

A 
> vena cavae 
> right artium 
> (tricuspid valve)
> right ventricle 
> pulmonary artery 
> (lungs)
> pulmonary vein 
> (bicuspid valve)
> left atrium 
> left ventricle 
> aorta 
> (body)
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12
Q

CARDIAC OUTPUT EQUATION

A

HR X SV = Q

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13
Q

CARDIAC CYCLE

A

> atrial diastole
ventricular diastole
atrial systole
ventricular systole

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14
Q

CONDUCTION SYSTEM

A

> SA node
AV node
bundle of HIS
purkinje fibres

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15
Q

CARDIAC CYCLE AND CONDUCTION SYSTEM

A 
> atrial diastole 
> ventricular diastole 
> SA node 
> AV node 
> atrial systole 
> bundle of HIS 
> purkinje fibres 
> venticular systole
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16
Q

DEFINE REGULATION

A

a rule or directive made and maintained by an authority

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17
Q

DEFINE AUTONOMIC

A

involuntary or unconscious

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18
Q

SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

A

part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for increasing heart rate (HR)

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19
Q

PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

A

part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for decreasing heart rate (HR)

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20
Q

DEFINE MEDULLA OBLONGATA

A

a portion of the hind-brain that controls autonomic functions

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21
Q

DEFINE CCC

A

Cardiac Control Centre

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22
Q

DEFINE HORMONAL

A

containing a hormone or hormones

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23
Q

DEFINE VENOUS RETURN

A

the return of the blood to the right atria through the veins

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24
Q

DEFINE ADRENALINE

A

a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands that increases rates of blood, circulation, breathing and carbohydrate metabolism and prepares muscles for exertion

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25
Q

DEFINE FIRING RATE

A

the amount of neurons firing at a giving time

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26
Q

3 COMPONENTS OF NEURAL FACTORS

A

> chemoreceptors (increase in CO2)
proprioceptors (muscle and tendon movement)
baroreceptors (blood pressure)

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27
Q

COMPONENTS OF HORMONAL FACTORS

A

> adrenaline (increases HR)

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28
Q

COMPONENTS OF INTRINSIC FACTORS

A

> temperature

> venous return

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29
Q

5 COMPONENTS OF VENOUS RETURN

A 
> pocket valve
> gravity 
> smooth muscle 
> skeletal muscle pump 
> respiratory muscle pump
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30
Q

DEFINE RCC

A

Respiratory Control Centre

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31
Q

2 CENTRES OF THE RCC

A

> expiratory centre

> inspiratory centre

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32
Q

EXPIRATORY CENTRE NERVE LINK

A

intercostal nerve to the external intercostal muscles

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33
Q

INSPIRATORY CENTRE NERVE LINK

A

phrenic nerve to the diaphragm

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34
Q

3 COMPONENTS OF VASCULAR SHUNT

A

> vasoconstriction
vasodilation
pre-capillary sphincter

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35
Q

DEFINE VASOCONSTRICTION

A

when the lumen gets smaller and this limits the blood flow

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36
Q

DEFINE VASODILATION

A

when the lumen gets bigger and this increases the blood flow around the body

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37
Q

PRE-CAPILLARY SPHINCTERS FUNCTION

A

open and close to allow blood flow through the capillaries

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38
Q

TEMPERATURE LINK TO VENOUS RETURN

A

> temperature increases
viscosity decreases
venous return increases
SV (stroke volume increases) = Q (cardiac output increases)

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39
Q

INSPIRATION REST

A

active

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40
Q

EXPIRATION REST

A

passive

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41
Q

INSPIRATION EXERCISE

A

active

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42
Q

EXPIRATION EXERCISE

A

active

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43
Q

INSPIRATION REST > MUSCLES

A

> diaphragm

> external intercostal muscles

44
Q

EXPIRATION REST > MUSCLES

45
Q

INSPIRATION EXERCISE > MUSCLES

A

> diaphragm
external intercostals
sternocleidomastoids
pectoralis major

46
Q

EXPIRATION EXERCISE > MUSCLES

A

> internal intercostals

> rectus abdominalis

47
Q

INSPIRATION REST > DIAPHRAGM

A

contracts and flattens

48
Q

INSPIRATION REST > RIBS

A

up and out

49
Q

EXPIRATION REST > DIAPHRAGM

50
Q

EXPIRATION REST > RIBS

A

down and in

51
Q

INSPIRATION EXERCISE > RIBS

A

further up and out

52
Q

EXPIRATION EXERCISE > RIBS

A

forced down and in

53
Q

INSPIRATION REST > RESULT

A

> decrease in pressure in thoratic cavity

> air is brought into the lungs

54
Q

EXPIRATION REST > RESULT

A

> increase in pressure in thoratic cavity

> air is pushed out

55
Q

INSPIRATION EXERCISE > RESULT

A

> decrease in pressure in thoratic cavity

> more air is brought into the lungs

56
Q

EXPIRATION EXERCISE > RESULT

A

> increase in pressure in thoratic canvity

> air is forced out

57
Q

DEFINE PARTIAL PRESSURE

A

concentration of gas in a space

58
Q

DEFINE DIFFUSION GRADIENT

A

gas moves from high partial pressure to low partial pressure

59
Q

DEFINE DIFFUSION

A

movement of particles across a partially permeable membrane (1 cell thick) down a diffusion gradient

60
Q

2 FEATURES OF EXTERNAL SITE

A

alveoli and capillary

61
Q

2 FEATURES OF INTERNAL SITE

A

muscle fibre and capillary

62
Q

HOW MANY OXYGEN CAN BIND TO HAEMOGLOBIN

63
Q

PRODUCT OF OXYGEN AND HAEMOGLOBIN

A

oxyhaemoglobin

64
Q

WHERE IS HIGH PARTIAL PRESSURE OF O2 AT THE EXTERNAL SITE

A

alveoli and lungs

65
Q

WHERE IS HIGH PARTIAL PRESSURE OF CO2 AT THE EXTERNAL SITE

66
Q

WHERE IS LOW PARTIAL PRESSURE OF O2 AT THE EXTERNAL SITE

67
Q

WHERE IS LOW PARTIAL PRESSURE OF CO2 AT THE EXTERNAL SITE

A

alveoli and lungs

68
Q

DEFINE PARTIALLY PERMEABLE MEMBRANE

A

a membrane that is one (1) cell thick

69
Q

PATHWAY OF BLOOD FOLLOWING EXTERNAL SITE

A

> left atrium
left ventricle
aorta
muscle

70
Q

HOW MANY OXYGEN DISASSOCIATE FROM HAEMOGLOBIN AT THE INTERNAL SITE

A

2

or similar balanced amount

71
Q

HOW MANY CO2 DIFFUSE OUT OF THE MUSCLE FIBRE

A

an equal amount (partial pressure should always be equal)

72
Q

WHERE IS HIGH PARTIAL PRESSURE OF O2 AT THE INTERNAL SITE

73
Q

WHERE IS HIGH PARTIAL PRESSURE OF CO2 AT THE INTERNAL SITE

A

muscle fibre

74
Q

WHERE IS LOW PARTIAL PRESSURE OF O2 AT THE INTERNAL SITE

A

muscle fibre

75
Q

WHERE IS LOW PARTIAL PRESSURE OF CO2 AT THE INTERNAL SITE

76
Q

DOES THE CAPILLARY ONLY CARRY O2

A

no the capillary also carries a portion of CO2

77
Q

HEART RATE > REST > UNTRAINED

A

60 - 80 bpm

78
Q

HEART RATE > REST > TRAINED

79
Q

HEART RATE > SUB MAXIMAL > UNTRAINED

A

100 - 130 bpm

80
Q

HEART RATE > SUB MAXIMAL > TRAINED

A

95 - 120 bpm

81
Q

HEART RATE > MAXIMAL > UNTRAINED

A

220 - age bpm

82
Q

HEART RATE > MAXIMAL > TRAINED

A

220 - age bpm

83
Q

STROKE VOLUME > REST > UNTRAINED

84
Q

STROKE VOLUME > REST > TRAINED

A

70 - 100 ml

85
Q

STROKE VOLUME > SUB MAXIMAL > UNTRAINED

A

100 - 120 ml

86
Q

STROKE VOLUME > SUB MAXIMAL > TRAINED

A

160 - 200 ml

87
Q

STROKE VOLUME > MAXIMAL > UNTRAINED

A

100 - 120 ml

88
Q

STROKE VOLUME > MAXIMAL > TRAINED

A

160 - 200 ml

89
Q

CARDIAC OUTPUT > REST > UNTRAINED

A

4 - 8 l/min

90
Q

CARDIAC OUTPUT > REST > TRAINED

A

4 - 8 l/min

91
Q

CARDIAC OUTPUT > SUB MAXIMAL > UNTRAINED

A

10 - 15 l/min

92
Q

CARDIAC OUTPUT > SUB MAXIMAL > TRAINED

A

15 - 20 l/min

93
Q

CARDIAC OUTPUT > MAXIMAL > UNTRAINED

A

20 - 30 l/min

94
Q

CARDIAC OUTPUT > MAXIMAL > TRAINED

A

30 - 40 l/min

95
Q

BREATHING FREQUENCY > REST > UNTRAINED

A

12 - 25 breaths per minute

96
Q

BREATHING FREQUENCY > REST > TRAINED

A

11 - 12 breaths per minute

97
Q

BREATHING FREQUENCY > MAXIMAL > UNTRAINED

A

40 - 50 breaths per minute

98
Q

BREATHING FREQUENCY > MAXIMAL > TRAINED

A

50 - 60 breaths per minute

99
Q

TIDAL VOLUME > REST > UNTRAINED

100
Q

TIDAL VOLUME > REST > TRAINED

101
Q

TIDAL VOLUME > MAXIMAL > UNTRAINED

A

2.5 - 3.0L

102
Q

TIDAL VOLUME > MAXIMAL > TRAINED

A

3.0 - 3.5L

103
Q

MINUTE VENTILATION > REST > UNTRAINED

A

6.0 - 7.5 l/min

104
Q

MINUTE VENTILATION > MAXIMAL > UNTRAINED

A

100 - 150 l/min

105
Q

MINUTE VENTILATION > MAXIMAL > TRAINED

A

160 - 210 l/min

A LEVEL PHYSICAL EDUCATION [OCR] (15 decks)

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