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A LEVEL PHYSICAL EDUCATION [OCR] > PAPER 1 > PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS > Flashcards

PAPER 1 > PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS Flashcards

1
Q

DEFINITION OF STATIC FLEXIBILITY

A

the range of motion with taking into account speed of movement. it is the maximum range of motion a muscle or connective tissue will allow which an external force

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2
Q

EXAMPLE OF STATIC FLEXIBILITY

A

holding the hamstring stretch at the end of its range of motion

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3
Q

DEFINITION OF DYNAMIC FLEXIBILITY

A

the range of motion which takes into account the speed of movement and reflects the joints (muscle/connective tissue) resistance to movement

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4
Q

EXAMPLE OF DYNAMIC FLEXIBILITY

A

the straddle jump in gymnastics

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5
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING FLEXIBILITY

A 
> type of joints 
> joint shape
> length of connective tissue
> muscle length
> gender 
> age 
> elasticity of connective tissue
> temperature 
> nerves 
> hypermobility 
> flexibility training
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6
Q

TYPE OF JOINTS

A

limitations of movements at each different joint in the body
> ball and socket movements
> hinge movements

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7
Q

JOINT SHAPE

A

depth and shape of the joints in the body

> the ball and socket joint at the shoulder is much deeper and therefore allows for a greater range of movements

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8
Q

LENGTH OF CONNECTIVE TISSUES

A

the longer the length of the connective tissue, the more flexible the individual will be

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9
Q

MUSCLE LENGTH

A

the longer the muscle is, the more flexible the individual will be

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10
Q

GENDER

A

females are naturally more flexible than males

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11
Q

AGE

A

the younger the individual is, the more flexible the person will be (most flexible when under 18)

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12
Q

ELASTICITY OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

A

the more recoil that each connective tissue has, meaning the more elastic it will be and therefore this will make each more flexible

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13
Q

TEMPERATURE

A

the warmer the muscles and connective tissues are, the more flexible they will be (eg why performers do warm ups)

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14
Q

NERVES

A

muscles spindles - stretch reflex

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15
Q

HYPERMOBILITY

A

double jointed individuals are going to be naturally more flexible (however this is innate and individuals are born with this)

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16
Q

FLEXIBILITY TRAINING

A

the more that an individual trains in their flexibility then the more flexible they will learn to be

17
Q

METHODS OF FLEXIBILITY TESTING

A

> sit and reach test

> goniometry

18
Q

SIT AND REACH TEST PROCESS

A

> a box is placed against the wall
the participant removes their shoes
they sit with their legs straight with their feet flat against the box
slowly moving forward they reach as far forward along the box
at full stretch the individual holds the position for 3 seconds
participant has 3 attempts for best attempt

19
Q

SIT AND REACH TEST ADVANTAGES

A

limited equipment is required

20
Q

SIT AND REACH TEST DISADVANTAGES

A

only hamstring and lower back are being improved in the flexibility training

21
Q

GONIOMETRY PROCESS

A

a 360 degrees protractor which is put on any joint of the body and measures flexibility

22
Q

GONIOMETRY ADVANTAGES

A

> objective and accurate score
direct measurement
can measure the flexibility of any joint on the body doing any movement

23
Q

GONIOMETRY DISADVANTAGES

A

> sometimes difficult to find the axis of rotation

> must be carried out by a professional

24
Q

PNF DEFINITION

A

proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation

25
Q

PNF STRETCHING STAGES

A

> static phase
contraction phase
relaxation phase
repetition phase

26
Q

STATIC PHASE

A

stretching past the point of resistance

> the limb is moved by the partner past the point of resistance and held there

27
Q

CONTRACTION PHASE

A

isometrically contracting for 6 - 10 seconds

> the limb being held in this position and the participant isometrically contracts their muscles for 6-10 seconds

28
Q

RELAXATION PHASE

A

releasing tension and relaxing the muscles

> muscle relaxes for a certain period of time before being repeated

29
Q

REPETITION PHASE

A

repeating the same process again to the individuals muscles in order to get past the stretch reflex
> statically, contracting and relaxing the muscle again in order to push past an individuals stretch reflex

30
Q

AIM OF PNF STRETCHING

A

to reduce an athletes stretch reflex so that they are able to become more flexible

31
Q

MUSCLE SPINDLES / GOLGI ORGAN

A

both found in muscles as nerves which act as the ‘fire alarm’ and they start the stretch reflex (delay)

32
Q

STRETCH REFLEX

A

the point at which the muscle in the individuals limb is unable to be stretched any further

A LEVEL PHYSICAL EDUCATION [OCR] (15 decks)

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