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GCSE Geography > Paper 2 - Urban Issues and challenges > Flashcards

Paper 2 - Urban Issues and challenges Flashcards

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1
Q

regional importance of mumbai

A
  • state capital
  • 3 mil ppl commute from surrounding areas
  • handles 60% of sea trade
  • small businesses
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2
Q

national importance of mumbai

A
  • transport hub = rail links
  • stock markets
  • 33% of India’s income tax
  • working age migrants from other towns to mumbai
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3
Q

international importance of mumbai

A
  • culture = bollywood
  • large international airport
  • asia HQ for many TNCs
  • eg disney
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4
Q

India’s natural growth

A

birth rate = falling but high
death rate = falling
pop change = increasing
pop structure - pyramid base

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5
Q

Factors affecting birth rate

A
  • access to family planning
  • fewer chn to work on farms but maybe in cities
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6
Q

factors affecting death rate

A
  • improved sanitation
  • industrialisation
  • better medical services
  • less labour intensive work
  • food security is high
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7
Q

Push factors to leave rural

A

-main work is poorly paid primary work
- fewer services
- lack of infrastructure

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8
Q

Pull factors to move to urban

A
  • higher paid work
  • better more available services
  • previous movement by family
    -more leisure
  • more access to running water/electricity
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9
Q

Bhandup industries pros for gov

A
  • exporting electronic parts
    -more gdp
    -more tax
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10
Q

Bhandup industries pros for TNCs with HQ in Mumbai

A
  • good for business
  • transport links
  • more sales so more profit
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11
Q

Bhandup industries pros for tertiary industry

A
  • more ppl move here
  • shopping centres have opened
  • more jobs = more tax
  • more disposable income
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12
Q

Bhandup industries pros for informal workers

A
  • largest squatter settlement
  • 70% of residents live in slums
  • informal economies
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13
Q

Urban growth - impact on health number of hospitals pro

A
  • 403 public hospitals
  • 1000 private ones
  • avg 200 in other cities
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14
Q

Urban growth - impact on Education

A
  • Indian institute of mumbai = specialises in tech
  • 1000 schs
  • education is free but resources must be bought
  • adult literacy is 82%
  • national = 74%
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15
Q

Urban growth - impact on energy

A
  • more income tax = better access
  • 24/7 supply
  • run by private companies so charge residents
  • residents use gas lamps, heaters or illegal generators
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16
Q

Urban growth - impact on clean water

A
  • more tax - improved
  • prevents cholera
  • self composing toilets = don’t connect to sewage system
  • more water towers to treat water = more tap water
17
Q

Dharavi: Housing quality

A
  • migrants have no money
  • forced to build with scrap material
  • hot in summer
  • easily destroyed during flood
  • made from corrogated iron
    -lack of electricity
18
Q

Dharavi: waste disposal

A
  • health problem made worse
  • rubbish is piled high on landfill
  • rodents bring disease
  • toxins from waste contaminate soil
19
Q

Dharavi: clean water

A
  • lack of gov investment
  • limited access
  • no taps/toilets at home
  • must queue
  • 4000 ppl per tap
    -spread of cholera
20
Q

Dharavi: overcrowding

A
  • lack of planning
  • densely packed
  • lack of vehicle access
  • lack of privacy
  • shared homes
  • disease spread
21
Q

Dharavi: transport links

A
  • no investment
  • shortage of roads
  • isolated residents
  • smuggle to find work
  • services are in main city
    -to build rds houses must be bulldozed
22
Q

Dharavi: sanitation systems

A
  • large queues
  • women feel unsafe from lack of light
  • toilets are washed away by water = contamination
  • spread of disease
23
Q

Dharavi: risk of destruction

A
  • illegal status
  • as mumbai expands = gov redevelops
  • will be bulldozed
  • widely critisized by human right groups
  • no advance warning
  • forced to rebuild elsewhere
24
Q

Dharavi: healthcare and eduation

A
  • no education available
  • some create their own sch
  • poor quality
  • understaffed
  • pressure on medical services
25
Q

Dharavi: electricity

A
  • gov doesn’t provide
  • dangerous to use illegally
  • limits number of businesses that operate
  • no light evenings = high crime rate
26
Q

water pollution causes

A
  • human waste in rivers
  • high rates of disease
  • relaxed environmental laws = waste is dumped
    = contamination
  • e waste leach chemicals = lead/mercury poisoning
27
Q

Air pollution in dharavi

A
  • traffic = more co2 and no2
  • relaxed laws = air pollution from chemicals
    -more cars = more pollution
    -electricity in factories = fossil fuels
  • landfill sites release methane as it rots
28
Q

Mumbai slum resettlement scheme

A

Slum residents are moved from dangerous sections of the slum (e.g. train tracks) to new high quality housing.

29
Q

Mumbai slum resettlement scheme
pros

A
  • Legal ownership = no risk of evacuation
  • Water pipes= less waterborne disease.
  • Children miss less school
  • wealthier residents mean high tax revenues and investment in the area
  • nearby businesses=paid low-skilled work.
30
Q

Mumbai slum resettlement scheme
cons

A

tensions between poorer and wealthier residents.
- Not enough housing for all Dharavi residents.

31
Q

Dharavi Slum Redevelopment Project

A

tears down existing settlements and replaces with new high quality

32
Q

Dharavi Slum Redevelopment Project
pros

A
  • 200 acres to rehome residents
  • 100 acres for community gardens
  • 300 acres for sale/commercial
  • better infrastructure (sewage, water treatment)
  • new transport links to main city
33
Q

Dharavi Slum Redevelopment Project
cons

A
  • concerns of rehousing all residents
  • delayed for 28 yrs due to resistance
  • micro enterprises must be supported
34
Q

Incremental housing strategies

A
  • famillies are given the right to their land
  • granted funds for imporvement
35
Q

Incremental housing strategies
pros

A
  • widen pavements and st lighting by committee
  • residents work with architect to replan their home
  • repairs + improvements
  • roof gardens = open space to enjoy
36
Q

Incremental housing strategies
cons

A
  • as mumbai grows
    -more pressure to build more homes rather than improve current ones

GCSE Geography (24 decks)

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