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GCSE Geography > Paper 2: Changing Economic World - UK economy > Flashcards

Paper 2: Changing Economic World - UK economy Flashcards

1
Q

quaternary industry

A

-provide information services

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2
Q

industrial economy

A

economy that is dominated by secondary industry
-exapnsion of tertiary

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3
Q

post industrial

A

-dominated by service sector
-jobs are highly skilled

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4
Q

deindustrialisation

A

decrease of traditional industries such as labour intensive farming

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5
Q

effects of unemployment

A

-lower qol
-negative multiplier effect
-less investment in services

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6
Q

globalisation

A

process of interaction/integration between ppl, companies and governments world wide

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7
Q

positive impacts on UK economy

A

-migration
-economic growth
-cheaper goods
-foreign investment
-high value production

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8
Q

negative impacts on UK economy

A

-less manufacturing
-outsourcing jobs
-inequality

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9
Q

IT in UK

A
  • 1.5 mill jobs
    -worth 59 bill a yr
    -100 000 companies operate in uk a yr
    -require degree
    -high tan avreage pay
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10
Q

cyber security market

A

worth £2.8 bill a yr

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11
Q

finance

A

linked to flow/ transfer of money
-600 000 jobs in uk

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12
Q

employers of finance

A

barclays HSBC

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13
Q

finance workers

A

-highly skilles

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14
Q

business parks

A

-offices cluster together
-financial help from government
-employ ceos or research workers
-high paid workers - manager

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15
Q

service industry

A

-make 3/4 of uk economy
-second largest exporter of services (education/tourism)
-positive multiplier effect

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16
Q

UK’s biggest employer

A

NHS
-1.4 mill employees

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17
Q

science parks/ research

A

-labs close to unis
-89 science parks in UK
-research industries
-high skilled

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18
Q

cambridge science park workers figure

A

7500

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19
Q

brownfield site

A

had another purpose
-decline in secondary industry
-

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20
Q

Energy fossil fuel consumption

A

-manufacturing/ power generation
-burning of fossil fuels
-releases co2
-climate change

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21
Q

air pollution

A

-sulphur dioxide (waste product)= acid rain
-contaminates soil/water
-plants die
-erode stone on buildings
-causes human eye irritants

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22
Q

landfill

A

-toxins leak into sites
-contaminate eco systems
-methane is produced by rotting products

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23
Q

water supply depletion

A

-manufacturing = lots of water
-challenge in time of drought

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24
Q

tertiary industries use water for

A

green spaces
-bathrooms

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25
water pollution
-toxins from factory seep into rivers -eutrophication
26
eutrophication
-algae grows on surface -blocks light -reduces photosynthesis -less o2 -aquatic life die = decompose = co2
27
Cambridge science park: trees
-more biodiversity -habitats -reduce co2/carbon footprint
28
Cambridge science park: solar panels
-renewable energy -
29
Cambridge science park: efficient heating
-less use of energy
30
Cambridge science park: designed to maximise light
-reduces need for electrical light -less energy usage
31
Cambridge science park: public transport/ cycle routes
-less congestion/energy -less fuel = less emissions
32
Cambridge science park: electrical car charging points
-reduces need for petrol -less fossil fuels
33
Population growth in rural SE England
-counter urbanisation -ppl move for cleaner air -larger housing -purchasing holiday homes
34
counter urbanisation
-ppl move from urban to rural cities
35
greenbelt
-open space around city
36
Positive socio economic impacts for counter urbanisation
-mainatins small population -brings new businesses to rural areas -maintains demand for shops
37
Negative socio economic impacts for counter urbanisation
-older ppl retire in rural = increases average age -places pressure on healthcare -newcomers are wealthy = higher house prices -locals can only rent -changes culture
38
Capel Dewi mid wales causes of population decline
-younger generation move away for work -leaves elderly to farm -shops close
39
Capel Dewi mid wales impacts of population decline
-shops decline = lack of customers -services (buses) are less frequent -post offices shut
40
3 ways transports links can help economy
-commute to work -more jobs in transport -more links for trade
41
Thames Estuary description
-port for container ships -quick and efficient dock -warehousing space
42
Thames Estuary pros
-increased speed global trade -generated 12 000 direct jobs -set up factories here
43
Thames Estuary cons
-regional inequality for north -congestion = delyas of goods -noise/air pollution
44
High speed rail 2
-railway line that connects london to birmingham, manchester, leeds
45
High speed rail 2 pros
-allow businesses to open along route in northern cities -visit london easily -reduces congestion = no delays
46
High speed rail 2 con
-3.5 times over budget -only benefits some cities in north that have funding -homes will be lost -noise/visual pollution = reduce property values
47
Runway at Heathrow
-3rd runway -tourism is 10% of GDP -creates 3.8 mill jobs indirectly
48
Runway at Heathrow pros
-speeds up travel times -attracts more tourists -create 60 000 jobs -generate £70 bn -attract TNCs
49
Runway at Heathrow cons
-disruption to local residents -homes need to be knocked down -residents will need compensation -noise pollution = reduces value of home
50
Smart motorways
-sends live alerts to drivers -changes layout accordingly to traffic levels -reduces congestion
51
Smart motorways pros
-cameras change speed limit = smoother traffic flow -inform drivers of hazards up route -open hard shoulder at busy times = less congestion
52
Smart motorways cons
-doesn't reduce environmental impact -costly -increase speeding fines -closing hard shoulder is dangerous = nowhere to go if breakdown = crashes
53
Economic inequality between north and south
-economic higher in west midlands -more investment in services = london £1485 pp east midlands £669 pp
54
Economic inequality between north and south - HQ
-271/500 are based in london -more oppurtunities + tax
55
Economic inequality between north and south - house prices
-higher in south -harder to buy -more confidence in investing in south
56
Social inequality between north and south - students
-north attain less high than south -north east england = 65.3% get grade D -
57
Social inequality between north and south - education funding
-london = £5519 -east midlands £4721
58
Social inequality between north and south - life expectancy
-highest in south over 80 -lowest in scotland 77.1
59
Social inequality between north and south - neets
-north east has highest rates -south east = lowest
60
NEETs
16-24 yrs olds who are not in education, employment or training
61
Evidence against north/south divide - inequality within cities
-london has highest salaries -50% of wealth is owned by top 10% -bottom 50% own 5%
62
Evidence against north/south divide - more funding in north
-investment in london is high but scotland and wales is even higher
63
Evidence against north/south divide - boroughs
-quality of life in london boroughs -but tower hamlets 53% live in poverty
64
Evidence against north/south divide - rural/urban divide (jobs)
-rural economies are weak -high paid jobs in major cities
65
Evidence against north/south divide - transport
-shops have closed in rural locations -1 in 5 live more than 4km = higher transport costs
66
Evidence against north/south divide - london funding
-lots of funding in london -not as much in SE
67
Levelling up: description
-reduces social inequality in north/south -supports economic growth -$4.8 bn budget
68
Levelling up: how it reduces inequality
-regions make proposals and make bids
69
Levelling up: Manchester
£400 mil to expand metroline -better commute/access to jobs -reduces unemployment and increases tax -funds to promote leisure
70
Levelling up: limitations
-government has allocated £360 mill to SE = furthering divide -provided less funding than promised
71
High speed rail: description
-railway linking major cities in north
72
High speed rail: reduces inequality by
-encourage businesses to open -send goods to london -less unemployment -more tax -better commute -increase tourism in north
73
High speed rail: limitations
-benefits small number of cities in north = divide between northern cities -taxpayers object as it is way over budget -businesses may move london instead = workers leave north

GCSE Geography (24 decks)

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