Paper 2: Resource Management - Energy Flashcards
Energy insecurity
energy is unaffordable
-low supply cannot meet demand
Reasons for low energy insecurity
-access to infrastructure
-able to import
-trade with countries
Reasons for high energy insecurity
-unable to afford imports
or infrastructure to extract it
-lots of conflict
Reasons for increasing energy
-population growth
-wealth increasing
-transport links increase
-supply increases = cheaper
-modern tech
Why did the UK energy consumption decrease since 2000
-energy efficient appliances
-reduces wasted energy
Physical factor affecting energy supply - geology
-determines fossil fuel deposits
-oil in arctic condition is hard to explore
-remote location + harsh weather
Physical factor affecting energy supply - climate
-renewable energy depends on this
solar need sun
hydroelectric needs rain
Human factor affecting energy supply - cost of production
-cost is low = cheap supply = high demand
-supply is smaller = demand + consumption falls
-prices fall companies close operations
-prices rise companies explore more energy
Human factor affecting energy supply - technology
-research of efficient renewable energy
-more energy available
Human factor affecting energy supply - politics
-imports from unstable countries = risk of supply interruption
-imports from alliances = cheap
Intergovernmental organisation of oil producing countries (OPEC)
-set production targets
-influences prices
How does economic development = more energy
-better access to stores
-population can afford it
Impacts of energy insecurity
-increase costs
-power cuts
-disputes of theft of oil between countries
-energy rationing
-decrease quality of life
Energy insecurity on the environment
-less stores
-habitats will be drilled into
Pros for fossil fuels
-increase domestic energy supplies
-affordable + reliable
-jobs made for mines
Cons for fossil fuels
-expensive for infrastructure
-co2
Pros for Fracking
-more cost effective
-meets demand
Cons for fracking
-non renewable
-may damage environment
-cause minor earth tremors
-contaminate water
-lead to water stress
Pros for Carbon capture + CHP
-make fossil fuels eco friendly
-reduces pressure to cut carbon/fossil fuels
Pros for biofuels
-renewable
-low co2 emissions
biofuels
-burning of wood/crops to generate power
Con for biofuels
-monoculture damages soil fertility
-local biodiversity
Pros for nuclear energy
low co2
Cons for nuclear energy
-expensive
-nuclear disasters
-health risk
Pros for Hydroelectric power
-creates affordable and reliable supply
-no emissions
Cons for hydroelectric
-harms habitats from flooding
-unpredictable rainfall = reduces reliability
Pros for Tidal energy
-sustainable
Cons for tidal power
-unpredictable
-habitat damage
Pros for solar and wind energy
-less vulnerable to fluctuating prices
-solar from summer can be stored
Cons for solar and wind energy
-seen as eye sores
-expensive to build
-unreliable due to weather
Con for geothermal energy
-relatively new
-only accessible at plate boundaries = UK not able
geothermal
-thermal energy from within Earth is released through drilling
Ways to reduce transport emissions
-reduce flights
-more public transport
-energy efficient cars
-car sharing
Carbon capture
-capture co2 when emitted
-store underground = doesn’t enter atmosphere
-co2 turned into liquid
-injected into sedimentary rock
-rock is impermeable = cannot escape
CHP - combined heat and power
-captures and uses heat from electricity generators
-reduces co2 emissions by 30%
Tungu-Kabri Micropower scheme
-harnesses the energy of falling water to make electricity.
-in Kenya
-uses hydro power for energy
