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GCSE Geography > Paper 1: Climate change > Flashcards

Paper 1: Climate change Flashcards

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1
Q

Quaternary period

A

current period of Earth’s history

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2
Q

climate

A

average temp and precipitation over a long period of time

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3
Q

weather

A

atmospheric conditions at one time period

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4
Q

climate change

A

-change in climatic patterns across globe
-average temp rise + change in rainfall patterns

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5
Q

solar output

A

energy given out by sun

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6
Q

orbital change

A

-when earth’s orbit temporarily changes from a circle to an ellipse

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7
Q

fossil fuel

A

-found under Earth’s surface
used for gas + electricity

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8
Q

deforestation

A

cutting down of trees on a large scale

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9
Q

agriculture

A

-farming
-arable (crops)
-or cattle

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10
Q

arable farming

A

crops

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11
Q

subsistence farming

A

growing crops and raising livestock sufficient only for one’s own use

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12
Q

sea level rise

A

higher volume of water in ocean due to glacial melt or thermal expansion

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13
Q

glacial melt

A

ice caps or sheets melting

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14
Q

thermal expansion

A

warm water particles take up more space than cooler particles

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15
Q

famine

A

shortage of food for a long period of time
-often coincides with drought

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16
Q

drought

A

when fresh water supplies dry up

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17
Q

mitigation

A

-trying to prevent causes of climate change

18
Q

adaptation

A

preparing to manage effects of climate change

19
Q

evidence of climate change

A

-sea levels have risen by 19cm since 1900
-ocean temps are warmest

20
Q

ice cores

A

ice that has remained unchanged
-holds info about climate change (ash and pollen)

21
Q

ocean sediments

A

-older sediment reveal info about past water temps and level of o2

22
Q

fossilised plankton in ocean sediments

A

shows cooler water temps
-when it decreases = warmer temps

23
Q

how has climate changed since beginning of quaternary period

A

glacial period are longer
-earth is experiencing interglacial period

24
Q

glacial period

A

entire earth is covered by ice

25
Q

Cause for climate change: solar output

A

-only 40% of solar energy is absorbed
-rest is reflected
-more = hotter temps
-solar flares

26
Q

Cause for climate change: solar flares

A

bursts of heat towards earth
-warmer temps

27
Q

Cause for climate change: orbital changes

A

-circular orbit = constant temps as sun is same distance
-ellipse shape = uneven temps so closer = warmer temps

28
Q

Cause for climate change: volcanic activity

A

-dust and gas produced shade incoming radiation
-cool planet
-releases ghg

29
Q

green house effect

A

-increase carbon
-thickened layer of ghg
-less heat escapes = hotter temps

30
Q

Human activity causes for climate change: fossil fuel consumption industry

A

-power machinery = economic growth
-quaternary needs power too
-more disposable income so more manufactured goods

31
Q

Human activity causes for climate change: domestic fossil fuel

A

-powers TVs and lighting
-cars
-more money = more consumption
-tourism = flights are cheaper so more emissions

32
Q

Human activity causes for climate change: agriculture

A

-contributes to 20 % of ghg emissions
-cattle n rice farming = methane
-population increases = more food so more demand

33
Q

Human activity causes for climate change: deforestation

A

-carbon sinks are lost
-less trees to regulate co2
-more co2 trapping heat

34
Q

Mitigation for climate change

A

-stabalising levels of ghg = alternative options

35
Q

Adaptation for climate change

A

-responding to impacts

36
Q

Adaptation: changing agricultural systems

A

-increased irrigation
-growing drought resistant crops
ensures crop yield is maintained

37
Q

Adaptation: coastal defences

A

-sea walls
-reduces flooding impact

38
Q

Adaptation: managing water supply

A

-water efficient devices
-Desalination plants take sea water and purify it through osmosis

39
Q

Mitigation: energy production

A

-renewable energy
-demand is high
-alternative source

40
Q

Mitigation: planting trees

A

-increase carbon sink
-conserve areas

41
Q

Mitigation: international agrrements

A

-countries must report on emissions
-COP26

42
Q

Mitigation: carbon capture

A

-captures co2 directly from power station
- converts into liquid
-injected into impermeable rock so it can’t escape
-expensive

GCSE Geography (24 decks)

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