Paper 1: Climate change

Question 1

Quaternary period

Answer 1

current period of Earth’s history

Question 2

climate

Answer 2

average temp and precipitation over a long period of time

Question 3

weather

Answer 3

atmospheric conditions at one time period

Question 4

climate change

Answer 4

-change in climatic patterns across globe
-average temp rise + change in rainfall patterns

Question 5

solar output

Answer 5

energy given out by sun

Question 6

orbital change

Answer 6

-when earth’s orbit temporarily changes from a circle to an ellipse

Question 7

fossil fuel

Answer 7

-found under Earth’s surface
used for gas + electricity

Question 8

deforestation

Answer 8

cutting down of trees on a large scale

Question 9

agriculture

Answer 9

-farming
-arable (crops)
-or cattle

Question 10

arable farming

Answer 10

crops

Question 11

subsistence farming

Answer 11

growing crops and raising livestock sufficient only for one’s own use

Question 12

sea level rise

Answer 12

higher volume of water in ocean due to glacial melt or thermal expansion

Question 13

glacial melt

Answer 13

ice caps or sheets melting

Question 14

thermal expansion

Answer 14

warm water particles take up more space than cooler particles

Question 15

famine

Answer 15

shortage of food for a long period of time
-often coincides with drought

Question 16

drought

Answer 16

when fresh water supplies dry up

Question 17

mitigation

Answer 17

-trying to prevent causes of climate change

Question 18

adaptation

Answer 18

preparing to manage effects of climate change

Question 19

evidence of climate change

Answer 19

-sea levels have risen by 19cm since 1900
-ocean temps are warmest

Question 20

ice cores

Answer 20

ice that has remained unchanged
-holds info about climate change (ash and pollen)

Question 21

ocean sediments

Answer 21

-older sediment reveal info about past water temps and level of o2

Question 22

fossilised plankton in ocean sediments

Answer 22

shows cooler water temps
-when it decreases = warmer temps

Question 23

how has climate changed since beginning of quaternary period

Answer 23

glacial period are longer
-earth is experiencing interglacial period

Question 24

glacial period

Answer 24

entire earth is covered by ice

Question 25

Cause for climate change: solar output

Answer 25

-only 40% of solar energy is absorbed -rest is reflected -more = hotter temps -solar flares

Question 26

Cause for climate change: solar flares

Answer 26

bursts of heat towards earth -warmer temps

Question 27

Cause for climate change: orbital changes

Answer 27

-circular orbit = constant temps as sun is same distance -ellipse shape = uneven temps so closer = warmer temps

Question 28

Cause for climate change: volcanic activity

Answer 28

-dust and gas produced shade incoming radiation -cool planet -releases ghg

Question 29

green house effect

Answer 29

-increase carbon -thickened layer of ghg -less heat escapes = hotter temps

Question 30

Human activity causes for climate change: fossil fuel consumption industry

Answer 30

-power machinery = economic growth -quaternary needs power too -more disposable income so more manufactured goods

Question 31

Human activity causes for climate change: domestic fossil fuel

Answer 31

-powers TVs and lighting -cars -more money = more consumption -tourism = flights are cheaper so more emissions

Question 32

Human activity causes for climate change: agriculture

Answer 32

-contributes to 20 % of ghg emissions -cattle n rice farming = methane -population increases = more food so more demand

Question 33

Human activity causes for climate change: deforestation

Answer 33

-carbon sinks are lost -less trees to regulate co2 -more co2 trapping heat

Question 34

Mitigation for climate change

Answer 34

-stabalising levels of ghg = alternative options

Question 35

Adaptation for climate change

Answer 35

-responding to impacts

Question 36

Adaptation: changing agricultural systems

Answer 36

-increased irrigation -growing drought resistant crops ensures crop yield is maintained

Question 37

Adaptation: coastal defences

Answer 37

-sea walls -reduces flooding impact

Question 38

Adaptation: managing water supply

Answer 38

-water efficient devices -Desalination plants take sea water and purify it through osmosis

Question 39

Mitigation: energy production

Answer 39

-renewable energy -demand is high -alternative source

Question 40

Mitigation: planting trees

Answer 40

-increase carbon sink -conserve areas

Question 41

Mitigation: international agrrements

Answer 41

-countries must report on emissions -COP26

Question 42

Mitigation: carbon capture

Answer 42

-captures co2 directly from power station - converts into liquid -injected into impermeable rock so it can't escape -expensive