Paper 1: The Living World: Biomes + Ecosystems

Question 1

Eg of small scale food chain

Answer 1

-shrubs
-insects
-mouse
-owl

Question 2

food web and food chain difference

Answer 2

-food chain = 1 transfer of energy
-food web = many food chains of energy transfer

Question 3

Nutrient cycle - inputs

Answer 3

-rain
-weathering of parent rock

Question 4

Nutrient cycle - outputs

Answer 4

-surface runoff
-leaching

Question 5

Nutrient cycle - store

Answer 5

-litter
-soil
-biomass

Question 6

Nutrient cycle - flow

Answer 6

-littering
-decomposition
-plant uptake

Question 7

nutrient cycle

Answer 7

the circulation of nutrients between biotic and abiotic elements,

Question 8

decomposer

Answer 8

An organism which eats dead organisms,
-breaks them down into simpler materials.

Question 9

primary consumer

Answer 9

The name given to an organism that eats a producer. A herbivore.

Question 10

secondary consumer

Answer 10

An organism that obtains its energy by eating the primary consumer.

Question 11

outline how nutrient cycle works

Answer 11

-weathering of parent rock
-flow = plant uptake or output = surface runoff

Question 12

trophic level

Answer 12

The position of an organism in a food chain, food web or pyramid.

Question 13

why does not all biomass get transferred to another animal in a food chain

Answer 13

-not all of the matter eaten by an organism is digested.

Question 14

how much biomass is passed on to each trophic level

Answer 14

10%
-the total amount becomes very small after only a few levels.

Question 15

biome

Answer 15

An ecosystem on a global scale

Question 16

why do biomes vary

Answer 16

the latitude affects the climatic conditions needed for an ecosystem

Question 17

Describe the distribution of the tropical rainforest biome (3)

Answer 17

-Most tropical rainforest is found between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn (1).
- For example, there is a large area of rainforest in the north of South America (1).
-There is some rainforest found along the north coast of Oceania (1

Question 18

Tundra

Answer 18

found near the North and South poles. Very few plants and animals can survive here.

Question 19

Taiga (coniferous forest)

Answer 19

found in Scandinavia, Russia and Canada. Evergreen trees thrive in this cool temperate climate.

Question 20

Temperate deciduous forest -

Answer 20

found across Europe and in the USA.
-These trees lose their leaves every year and thrive in mild and wet conditions known as a temperate maritime climate.

Question 21

Temperate grassland

Answer 21

-found in Hungary, South Africa, Argentina and the USA.
-Consists of grass and trees
- thrive in a temperate continental climate of moderate rainfall and mild conditions.

Question 22

Chaparral or evergreen hardwood (Mediterranean)

Answer 22

• found around the Mediterranean Sea, around Perth and Melbourne in Australia and California in the USA.

Question 23

Desert

Answer 23

found near the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn.
Conditions here are very hot and dry. Plants and animals are specially adapted to survive in the harsh conditions.

Question 24

Tropical rainforest

Answer 24

found near the Equator.
The climate is hot and humid and many different species can be found here

Question 25

Savanna grassland

Answer 25

found mainly in central Africa, southern India, northern Australia and central South America. Long grasses and a few scattered trees are found in these hot and dry conditions.

Question 26

abiotic

Answer 26

non living
-rocks weathering releases nutrients

Question 26

abiotic

Answer 26

non living
-rocks weathering releases nutrients

Question 27

biomass

Answer 27

-total quantity of organisms
-provide energy to other organisms that consume it

Question 28

latitude

Answer 28

-measure distance from equator
-further from equator = high latitude

Question 29

interdependence

Answer 29

-reliance of 2/more things on each other
-climate, water, soil, plants, animals